PT-141 studies
171 journal papers mention PT-141 in the title or abstract. Here are the most cited, the latest, and a few facts about the literature.
Studies range from laboratory work to clinical trials. A paper listed here is not an endorsement and says nothing about whether PT-141 is safe, effective or approved for any use.
- Papers
- 171
- 130 articles, 41 reviews
- Earliest paper
- 2003
- Most papers in 2025 (20)
- Open access
- 36%
- free to read somewhere
- Reviews
- 24%
- of all papers listed
What kind of studies
Of 112 papers in PubMed that mention PT-141 in the title or abstract, by the study type PubMed records. Categories overlap, so they do not add up to the total.
- Randomized controlled trials13
- Other clinical trials2
- Meta-analyses and systematic reviews5
- Other reviews57
- Case reports2
- Animal studies only7
- Studies in humans82
Study types are tags assigned by publishers and PubMed indexers; very new papers are often not tagged yet, and a tag is not a quality rating. Retracted papers are excluded. Source: PubMed (NCBI).
Registered clinical studies
Studies on ClinicalTrials.gov that mention PT-141 in their intervention details. A registration says a study is planned or running, not what it found.
- Registered
- 10
- Completed
- 9
- Ongoing or planned
- 1
- Phase 1
- 1
- Phase 2
- 4
- Phase 3
- 3
- Single Dose of Vyleesi in Lactating Female Subjects to Measure the Concentration of Bremelanotide in Breast Milk
NCT06867835CompletedPhase 4started 2025-07-11
- A Phase 2 Study Evaluating the Co-Administration of Bremelanotide With Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obesity
NCT06565611Active, not recruitingPhase 2started 2024-08-05
- A Phase 3, Bridging, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneously Administered Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (With or Without Decreased Arousal)
NCT04943068CompletedPhase 3started 2021-05-10
- A Phase IIb, Multicenter, Open-Label, Prospective Study of Bremelanotide in Diabetic Kidney Disease
NCT05709444CompletedPhase 2started 2022-12-26
- Role of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor in Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
NCT04179734CompletedPhase 4started 2019-10-07
The five most recently updated studies. See all 10 on ClinicalTrials.gov. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine). Studies are found by the compound's name, so a few may be about something else.
Papers per year
2003 to 2026, peak 20 papers in a year. The latest year may still be incomplete.
Where it is published
- The Journal of Sexual Medicine35 papers
- Obstetrics and Gynecology10 papers
- Inpharma Weekly6 papers
- The Journal of Urology6 papers
- International Journal of Impotence Research5 papers
The papers
Most citedName in the title
- Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Sheryl A. Kingsberg, Anita H. Clayton, David Jay Portman et al. · Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2019
Randomized trial · Phase 3Open access · CC BY-NC-ND294 citationsRead the open copy →
- Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
James A. Simon, Sheryl A. Kingsberg, David Jay Portman et al. · Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2019
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY-NC-ND198 citationsRead the open copy →
- Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic effects of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy males and patients with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction
L E Diamond, Dennis C. Earle, R. Rosen et al. · International Journal of Impotence Research · 2004
Randomized trial · Phase 1127 citations
- An Effect on the Subjective Sexual Response in Premenopausal Women with Sexual Arousal Disorder by Bremelanotide (PT-141), a Melanocortin Receptor Agonist
Lisa E. Diamond, Dennis C. Earle, Julia R. Heiman et al. · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2006
Randomized trial116 citations
- Bremelanotide: An Overview of Preclinical CNS Effects on Female Sexual Function
James G. Pfaus, Francois Giuliano, Hélène Gelez · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2007
Animal study113 citations
- PT‐141: A Melanocortin Agonist for the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction
Perry B. Molinoff, A. M. Shadiack, Dennis C. Earle et al. · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2003
Clinical trial106 citations
- Bremelanotide for Female Sexual Dysfunctions in Premenopausal Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Dose-Finding Trial
Anita H. Clayton, Stanley E. Althof, Sheryl A. Kingsberg et al. · Women s Health · 2016
Randomized trialOpen access · CC BY-NC-ND100 citationsRead the open copy →
- Bremelanotide: First Approval
Sohita Dhillon, Susan J. Keam · Drugs · 2019
Review97 citations
- Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy male subjects and in patients with an inadequate response to Viagra®
R. Rosen, L E Diamond, Dennis C. Earle et al. · International Journal of Impotence Research · 2004
Randomized trial · Phase 186 citations
- Salvage of Sildenafil Failures With Bremelanotide: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study
Mohammad Reza Safarinejad, Seyed Yousef Hosseini · The Journal of Urology · 2008
Randomized trial52 citations
- Bremelanotide: New Drug Approved for Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Danielle Mayer, Sarah E. Lynch · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · 2020
Systematic review47 citations
- Co-administration of low doses of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, and sildenafil to men with erectile dysfunction results in an enhanced erectile response
L E Diamond, Dennis C. Earle, W.D. Garcia et al. · Urology · 2005
Randomized trial46 citations
- Bremelanotide for Treatment of Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire
Amber N. Edinoff, Nicole M. Sanders, Kyle B. Lewis et al. · Neurology International · 2022
ReviewOpen access · CC BY37 citationsRead the open copy →
- The neurobiology of bremelanotide for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women
James G. Pfaus, Amama Sadiq, Carl Spana et al. · CNS Spectrums · 2021
Review29 citations
- Responder Analyses from a Phase 2b Dose-Ranging Study of Bremelanotide
Stanley E. Althof, Leonard R. Derogatis, Sally Greenberg et al. · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2019
Randomized trial · Phase 221 citations
- Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for “Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder” in Women
Glen I. Spielmans · The Journal of Sex Research · 2021
Meta-analysis17 citations
- Effect of bremelanotide on body weight of obese women: Data from two phase 1 randomized controlled trials
Carl Spana, Robert Jordan, Steven A. Fischkoff · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · 2022
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY-NC-ND15 citationsRead the open copy →
- Phase I Randomized Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Bremelanotide Coadministered With Ethanol in Healthy Male and Female Participants
Anita H. Clayton, Johna D. Lucas, Leonard R. Derogatis et al. · Clinical Therapeutics · 2017
Randomized trial · Phase 1Open access · CC BY-NC-ND15 citationsRead the open copy →
- An evaluation of bremelanotide injection for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Sarah Cipriani, Chiara Alfaroli, Elisa Maseroli et al. · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · 2022
Review13 citations
- The Patient Experience of Premenopausal Women Treated with Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: RECONNECT Exit Study Results
Patricia E. Koochaki, Dennis A. Revicki, Hilary Wilson et al. · Journal of Women s Health · 2021
Randomized trial12 citations
- Safety Profile of Bremelanotide Across the Clinical Development Program
Anita H. Clayton, Sheryl A. Kingsberg, David Jay Portman et al. · Journal of Women s Health · 2022
Randomized trial · Phase 311 citations
- Bremelanotide and flibanserin for low sexual desire in women: the fallacy of regulatory precedent
Barbara J. Mintzes, Leonore Tiefer, Lisa Cosgrove · Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin · 2021
Review11 citations
- Usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess the melanocortin receptor agonist bremelanotide
William B. White, Martin G. Myers, Robert Jordan et al. · Journal of Hypertension · 2016
Randomized trialOpen access · CC BY-NC-ND11 citationsRead the open copy →
- Prespecified and Integrated Subgroup Analyses from the RECONNECT Phase 3 Studies of Bremelanotide
James A. Simon, Sheryl A. Kingsberg, David Jay Portman et al. · Journal of Women s Health · 2022
Randomized trial9 citations
- Failure of a Meta-analysis: A Commentary on Glen Spielmans’s “Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for ‘Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women’”
Sheryl A. Kingsberg, Anita H. Clayton, David Jay Portman et al. · The Journal of Sex Research · 2021
Study in humans8 citations
- Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Johnathan M. Borland, Abigail L. Kohut-Jackson, Anna C. Peyla et al. · Neuropharmacology · 2025
Animal studyOpen access5 citationsRead the open copy →
- Small Effects, Questionable Outcomes: Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Glen I. Spielmans, Elaine M. Ellefson · The Journal of Sex Research · 2023
Review5 citations
- Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Bremelanotide Induces Cell Death and Growth Inhibition in Glioblastoma CellsviaSuppression of Survivin Expression
Shuhei Suzuki, Chifumi Kitanaka, Masashi Okada · Anticancer Research · 2024
Study in humans4 citations
- Efficacy of Bremelanotide for HSDD in Women: RECONNECT Open-Label Extension Phase Results [8Q]
Anita H. Clayton, Sheryl A. Kingsberg, James A. Simon et al. · Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2018
4 citations
- 014 The Investigational Drug Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD): Efficacy Analyses from the RECONNECT Studies
Anita H. Clayton, Sheryl A. Kingsberg, J.A. Simon et al. · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2018
3 citations
- 039 Reliability and Validity of the Elements of Desire Questionnaire in the Bremelanotide RECONNECT study
Dennis A. Revicki, Stanley E. Althof, Leonard R. Derogatis et al. · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2017
3 citations
- Salvage of Sildenafil Failures With Bremelanotide: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study
Alan W. Shindel · Yearbook of Urology · 2009
3 citations
- Salvage of Sildenafil Failures With Bremelanotide: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study
Alan W. Shindel · Yearbook of Urology · 2008
3 citations
- Evaluation of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Subcutaneously Administered PT-141, a Melanocortin Receptor Agonist, in Healthy Male Subjects and in Patients With an Inadequate Response to Viagra
Allen D. Seftel · The Journal of Urology · 2004
3 citations
- Effects of Delta-sleep-inducing, Kisspeptin-10 and pt-141 Neuropeptides on Sexual Behaviour in Male Rats
Svetlana N. Subbotina, Юдин Михаил Анатольевич, А. А. Парфёнова et al. · Journal Biomed · 2021
Open access · CC BY2 citationsRead the open copy →
- LC‐HRMS characterization of the skin pigmentation and sexual enhancers melanotan II and bremelanotide sold on the black market of performance and image enhancing drugs
Serena Mestria, Sara Odoardi, Giampietro Frison et al. · Drug Testing and Analysis · 2020
Study in humans2 citations
- Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Contraceptive Subgroups Efficacy Analysis [15OP]
Anita H. Clayton, Sheryl A. Kingsberg, James A. Simon et al. · Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2019
2 citations
- Exit Survey of Women with HSDD Treated With Bremelanotide Demonstrated Meaningful Treatment Benefits [28G]
Patricia E. Koochaki, Dennis A. Revicki, Hilary Wilson et al. · Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2018
2 citations
- Efficacy of bremelanotide in The RECONNECT Studies
A. Clayton, J. Lucas, R. Jordan et al. · European Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017
2 citations
- 017 Bremelanotide (BMT) for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) in the RECONNECT Study: Efficacy Analyses in Study Completers and Responders
J.A. Simon, David Jay Portman, Sheryl A. Kingsberg et al. · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2017
2 citations
LatestName in title or abstract
- Peptides in urology and sexual medicine: clinical effectiveness, dosing, indications, and safety: a narrative review
V Vasylieva, Annette West, Edward Karpman · Sexual Medicine Reviews · 2026
Review
- Goldilocks-Inspired Design of Mid-Size Macrocycles for Selective Targeting of Human Melanocortin Receptors
Francesco Merlino, Li Jia, Ida Boccino et al. · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · 2026
Study in humansOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Clinical trial evidence on emerging pharmacological therapies for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women: a systematic review and analysis of completed studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov
Ahmed M. Ashour · Frontiers in Medicine · 2026
Systematic reviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Quantification of “Mercy Sex” in Heterosexual Women
Nikita Guptan, James A. Simon · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · 2026
Review
- FDA‐Approved Drugs Containing D‐Amino Acids: A Historical and Developmental Perspective
Linh Tran, Tiến Dũng Nguyễn, Abdelrahman Gamil Gad et al. · Drug Development Research · 2026
Review
- Should Bremelanotide Be Considered for the Treatment of Sexual Arousal and Desire Disorders in Men?
James G. Pfaus, Richard Balon · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · 2026
- Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging
Volodymyr Mavrych, Inna Shypilova, Olena Bolgova · Frontiers in Aging · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BY5 citationsRead the open copy →
- (060) Comparison of Prescribing and Google Trends Between Bremelanotide (Vyleesi®) and Flibanserin (Addyi®) for Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
M Moran, Jennifer Sykes, Danielle Velez Leitner · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2026
- (118) Desire Beyond Cisgender Monogamy: Inclusivity Gaps in the Evidence Base for FDA Approved Meds for HSDD
Heather Quaile, Joey Bahng, Aleece Fosnight et al. · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2026
- (025) Analysis of Off-Label Medication Prescriptions and Google Search Trends for Postmenopausal Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
M Moran, Jennifer Sykes, Danielle Velez Leitner · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2026
- TIRZEPATIDE, ELAMIPRETIDE (SS-31), TESAMORELIN AND BREMELANOTIDE: MECHANISTIC FOUNDATIONS, CLINICAL EVIDENCE AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS IN METABOLIC, MITOCHONDRIAL AND NEUROENDOCRINE CONTEXTS
Luiz Felippe Mendes Caquetti · INTERNATIONAL BLEST SCIENTIFIC · 2026
Open accessRead the open copy →
- Strategies for Treating Sexual Health Concerns After Breast and Gynecologic Cancer
Olivia Mihulka, Melissa Curran, Raksha M. Narasimhan et al. · Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology · 2025
Review
- (233) Medical Treatment for Male Orgasmic Disorder: A Real-World Experience
Jacob Hartman‐Kenzler, C Rabeno, J Burger et al. · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2025
Open accessRead the open copy →
- (349) Therapeutic Peptides in Sexual Medicine: A Narrative Review
E Burchfiel, N Mills, G Saffati et al. · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2025
ReviewOpen accessRead the open copy →
- (396) Comparative Analysis of Flibanserin, Bremelanotide, and Testosterone Therapy for Female Sexual Desire: Mechanism, Efficacy, and Clinical Considerations
S Vereecken, J Achua, J Delgado et al. · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2025
Open accessRead the open copy →
- 3. RỐI LOẠN CHỨC NĂNG TÌNH DỤC NỮ: THỰC TRẠNG CHẨN ĐOÁN, ĐIỀU TRỊ VÀ GIẢI PHÁP TẠI VIỆT NAM
Nguyen Duc Quang · Tạp chí Y học Cộng đồng · 2025
Open accessRead the open copy →
- Sexual Concerns in Breast Cancer Survivors
Ayda Soltanian · Archives of Reproductive Medicine · 2025
Open access · CC BY-NCRead the open copy →
- Practical considerations and emerging approaches for the management of vasomotor and sexual symptoms in breast cancer patients on endocrine therapies
Jessica Fuhrman, Jina Yun, Amy Ly Indorf · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · 2025
Review1 citations
- Polymorphism of Melanocortin Receptor Genes—Association with Inflammatory Traits and Diseases
Mainak Bardhan, Ayush Anand, Amaan Javed et al. · Diseases · 2025
ReviewOpen access · CC BY5 citationsRead the open copy →
- Melanocortin receptors in GtoPdb v.2025.3
Vanni Caruso, Jeffrey B. Tatro, Helgi B. Schiöth et al. · IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE · 2025
Open access · CC BY-SARead the open copy →
- The impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on female sexual arousal: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Reziya Dilixiati, Atila Abulizi, Xin Yin et al. · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2025
5 citations
- Non-hormonal strategies for treating genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a concise review
Rossella Molitierno, Davide Vinci, Nicola Iavazzo et al. · Italian Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025
Open accessRead the open copy →
- Female Sexual Desire, Arousal, and Orgasmic Dysfunctions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Treatment Options
Rafaela Germano Toledo, William D. Winkelman, Daniela Reyes-Gonzalez et al. · Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology · 2025
Meta-analysis6 citations
- 2024 SOGC, 2024 NCCN, 2022 ESO-ESMO, and 2018 ASCO: a comparison of female cancer survivorship guidelines for the management of sexual health concerns
Jashmira K Bhinder, Samantha K. F. Kennedy, Carmen Faouk Al Aadah et al. · Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
Review4 citations
- A biodegradable suction patch for sustainable transbuccal peptide delivery
Hanna Krupke, Nicole Zoratto, Lucie Rabut et al. · Journal of Controlled Release · 2025
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY7 citationsRead the open copy →
- The evaluation and care of midlife women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Jan Leslie Shifren · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · 2025
Open access · CC BY-NC-NDRead the open copy →
- (122) POSITIVE EFFECTS OF BREMELANOTIDE ON FEMALE SEXUAL AROUSAL AND ORGASM IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH HSDD: FSFI DATA FROM THE RECONNECT TRIALS
Irwin Goldstein, R Rubin, Sheryl A. Kingsberg et al. · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2025
Open accessRead the open copy →
- A look at Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women
I. Santos, F. Cunha, R. Andrade et al. · European Psychiatry · 2025
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Intravenous peptides and amino acids for erectile dysfunction: a narrative review of current applications and future directions
Vishal Ila, Edoardo Pozzi, Miyuru Gamage et al. · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · 2025
Review
- Novel Pharmacologic Treatments of Female Sexual Dysfunction
Andrew How, Christopher Jowdy, Elli Novatcheva et al. · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · 2025
Review3 citations
- Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Johnathan M. Borland, Abigail L. Kohut-Jackson, Anna C. Peyla et al. · Neuropharmacology · 2025
Animal studyOpen access5 citationsRead the open copy →
- Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Bremelanotide Induces Cell Death and Growth Inhibition in Glioblastoma CellsviaSuppression of Survivin Expression
Shuhei Suzuki, Chifumi Kitanaka, Masashi Okada · Anticancer Research · 2024
Study in humans4 citations
- Understanding the Interplay Between Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) and Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD)
Mahati Gollapudi, Angelica Thomas, Angelina Yogarajah et al. · Cureus · 2024
ReviewOpen access · CC BY5 citationsRead the open copy →
- Pharmacotherapy of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Premenopausal Women
Donna Barakeh, Hadil Mdaihly, Lamis R. Karaoui · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · 2024
Review7 citations
- (035) USE OF BREMELANOTIDE IN MEN WITH SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AT A SEXUAL MEDICINE CLINIC
Sue W. Goldstein, Irwin Goldstein · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2024
Open accessRead the open copy →
- PD52-03 USE OF THE CNS AGENT BREMELANOTIDE IN MEN WITH SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION: RESULTS FROM A SEXUAL MEDICINE CLINIC
Sue W. Goldstein, Irwin Goldstein · The Journal of Urology · 2024
1 citations
- (341) First-time Orgasm in a Man with Flibanserin Use: A Case Report
Gal Saffati, Tahir Naeem, Mohit Khera · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2024
Open accessRead the open copy →
- (227) Use of the CNS Agent Bremelanotide in Men with Sexual Dysfunction: Results from a Sexual Medicine Clinic
Irwin Goldstein, Sue W. Goldstein · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2024
Open accessRead the open copy →
- (235) Use of Bremelanotide (Vyleesi) in Men with Sexual Dysfunctions
Sue W. Goldstein, Irwin Goldstein · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2024
Open access1 citationsRead the open copy →
- (319) Evaluating the Racial Distribution of Clinical Trial Participants for Drugs Leading to FDA Approval of Novel Biologics for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD)
Asia N. Matthew-Onabanjo, Marc A. Bjurlin, M Rogers · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2024
Open accessRead the open copy →
Each list shows up to 40 papers.See all 171 on OpenAlex. Source: OpenAlex (CC0), journal articles and reviews with a DOI, retractions excluded, refreshed weekly, last 4 Nov 2026, 08:26 UTC. Papers are listed by their metadata only; follow the links to read them. A license shown on an open copy is the license the publisher or repository states for that copy.