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Longevity & mitochondria

SS-31 studies

515 journal papers mention SS-31 in the title or abstract. Here are the most cited, the latest, and a few facts about the literature.

Studies range from laboratory work to clinical trials. A paper listed here is not an endorsement and says nothing about whether SS-31 is safe, effective or approved for any use.

Compare SS-31 prices, from €36.99 →

Papers
515
438 articles, 77 reviews
Earliest paper
1997
Most papers in 2026 (74)
Open access
69%
free to read somewhere
Reviews
15%
of all papers listed

What kind of studies

Of 441 papers in PubMed that mention SS-31 in the title or abstract, by the study type PubMed records. Categories overlap, so they do not add up to the total.

  • Randomized controlled trials17
  • Other clinical trials2
  • Meta-analyses and systematic reviews2
  • Other reviews92
  • Case reports5
  • Animal studies only155
  • Studies in humans190

Study types are tags assigned by publishers and PubMed indexers; very new papers are often not tagged yet, and a tag is not a quality rating. Retracted papers are excluded. Source: PubMed (NCBI).

Registered clinical studies

Studies on ClinicalTrials.gov that mention SS-31 in their intervention details. A registration says a study is planned or running, not what it found.

Registered
21
Completed
14
Ongoing or planned
3
Phase 1
5
Phase 2
15
Phase 3
4
  1. An Intermediate Size Expanded Access Protocol of Elamipretide

    NCT04689360AVAILABLE

  2. ReNEW:Phase 3 Study of Efficacy, Safety & Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Injections of Elamipretide in Subjects With Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Dry AMD)

    NCT06373731Active, not recruitingPhase 3started 2024-05-30

  3. Clinical Trial in Patients With Barth Syndrome- 4TAZPower

    NCT07531251RecruitingPhase 4started 2026-07-02

  4. FRDA Investigator Initiated Study (IIS) With Elamipretide

    NCT05168774CompletedPhase 1 / Phase 2started 2022-03-03

  5. Study of Healthy Aging and Physical Function With Elamipretide

    NCT07275424RecruitingPhase 2started 2025-11-26

The five most recently updated studies. See all 21 on ClinicalTrials.gov. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine). Studies are found by the compound's name, so a few may be about something else.

Papers per year

1997 to 2026, peak 74 papers in a year. The latest year may still be incomplete.

1997: 1 papers1998: 0 papers1999: 0 papers2000: 2 papers2001: 0 papers2002: 0 papers2003: 2 papers2004: 3 papers2005: 3 papers2006: 4 papers2007: 3 papers2008: 3 papers2009: 4 papers2010: 8 papers2011: 9 papers2012: 5 papers2013: 11 papers2014: 17 papers2015: 14 papers2016: 14 papers2017: 26 papers2018: 33 papers2019: 34 papers2020: 31 papers2021: 38 papers2022: 29 papers2023: 32 papers2024: 50 papers2025: 61 papers2026: 74 papers19972026

Where it is published

  1. The FASEB Journal19 papers
  2. Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery11 papers
  3. Journal of the American College of Cardiology11 papers
  4. International Journal of Molecular Sciences10 papers
  5. GeroScience9 papers

The papers

ShowAllOpen accessReviews

Most citedName in the title

  1. Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential

    Cheryl Tung, Fahimeh Varzideh, Emanuele Farroni et al. · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2025

    ReviewOpen access · CC BY106 citationsRead the open copy →

  2. Mitochondrial dysfunction and beneficial effects of mitochondria-targeted small peptide SS-31 in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease

    Xiao-Wen Ding, Megan Robinson, Rongzi Li et al. · Pharmacological Research · 2021

    Review73 citations

  3. SS‐31, a Mitochondria‐Targeting Peptide, Ameliorates Kidney Disease

    Yuexin Zhu, Manyu Luo, Xue Bai et al. · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · 2022

    ReviewOpen access · CC BY63 citationsRead the open copy →

  4. Application research of novel peptide mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant SS-31 in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction

    Xingrong Du, Qin Zeng, Yunchang Luo et al. · Mitochondrion · 2024

    Review59 citations

  5. Barth syndrome cardiomyopathy: targeting the mitochondria with elamipretide

    Hani N. Sabbah · Heart Failure Reviews · 2020

    ReviewOpen access · CC BY48 citationsRead the open copy →

LatestName in title or abstract

  1. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Degenerative Musculoskeletal Diseases: Signaling Networks and Therapeutic Landscapes

    Haiyang Gao, Zhangrong Cheng, Xianglong Chen et al. · Advanced Science · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  2. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Inherited Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy: Convergent Pathobiology and a Testable Therapeutic Framework

    Chung‐Lin Lee, Chih‐Kuang Chuang, Ya-Hui Chang et al. · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  3. The Oxidative–Mitochondrial–Inflammatory Axis in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Extracellular mtDNA as Biomarker and Therapeutic Read-Out

    Rossella Grimaldi, Francesca Franco, Enzo Maria Vingolo · Antioxidants · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  4. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant strategies in human sperm cryodamage

    Luca Tramontano, Roberto Marci, Romualdo Sciorio et al. · Frontiers in Medicine · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  5. Clinical development in primary mitochondrial diseases at a translational inflection point: Lessons, mechanisms, and emerging therapeutic strategies

    Li‐Tzu Wang, Han‐Ying Jhuang · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BY-NC-NDRead the open copy →

  6. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

    Taha Hussain, Asmi Pandey, Dipesh Karki et al. · Cureus · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  7. Microvascular dysfunction and neurovascular signalling impairment in diabetic silent myocardial ischemia

    Harishkaruppiah R · Microvascular Research · 2026

    Review2 citations

  8. Redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus: Implications for maternal health, placental function, and offspring metabolic programming

    Izabela Burzyńska-Pędziwiatr, Lucyna A. Woźniak, Małgorzata Bukowiecka‐Matusiak · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BY2 citationsRead the open copy →

  9. Mitochondrial cardiolipin and other structural changes mediating cardiac dysfunction in the reperfused myocardium

    Liam Tianlang Zhang, Amanda Groenewald, Marie‐Louise Ward et al. · Current Opinion in Physiology · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BY-NCRead the open copy →

  10. Cardiolipin remodelling in mitochondrial therapeutics: translational evidence chains from elamipretide to emerging strategies

    Ke Di, Yusheng Hu, Hechen Sun et al. · Frontiers in Physiology · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BY2 citationsRead the open copy →

  11. ELAMIPRETIDE AND CHRONIC FATIGUE SYMPTOMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF TRIALS IN MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES AND ITS TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE TO CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME AND RELATED DISORDERS

    Luiz Felippe Mendes Caquetti · INTERNATIONAL BLEST SCIENTIFIC · 2026

    ReviewOpen accessRead the open copy →

Each list shows up to 40 papers.See all 515 on OpenAlex. Source: OpenAlex (CC0), journal articles and reviews with a DOI, retractions excluded, refreshed weekly, last 4 Nov 2026, 08:26 UTC. Papers are listed by their metadata only; follow the links to read them. A license shown on an open copy is the license the publisher or repository states for that copy.