SS-31 studies
515 journal papers mention SS-31 in the title or abstract. Here are the most cited, the latest, and a few facts about the literature.
Studies range from laboratory work to clinical trials. A paper listed here is not an endorsement and says nothing about whether SS-31 is safe, effective or approved for any use.
- Papers
- 515
- 438 articles, 77 reviews
- Earliest paper
- 1997
- Most papers in 2026 (74)
- Open access
- 69%
- free to read somewhere
- Reviews
- 15%
- of all papers listed
What kind of studies
Of 441 papers in PubMed that mention SS-31 in the title or abstract, by the study type PubMed records. Categories overlap, so they do not add up to the total.
- Randomized controlled trials17
- Other clinical trials2
- Meta-analyses and systematic reviews2
- Other reviews92
- Case reports5
- Animal studies only155
- Studies in humans190
Study types are tags assigned by publishers and PubMed indexers; very new papers are often not tagged yet, and a tag is not a quality rating. Retracted papers are excluded. Source: PubMed (NCBI).
Registered clinical studies
Studies on ClinicalTrials.gov that mention SS-31 in their intervention details. A registration says a study is planned or running, not what it found.
- Registered
- 21
- Completed
- 14
- Ongoing or planned
- 3
- Phase 1
- 5
- Phase 2
- 15
- Phase 3
- 4
- An Intermediate Size Expanded Access Protocol of Elamipretide
NCT04689360AVAILABLE
- ReNEW:Phase 3 Study of Efficacy, Safety & Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Injections of Elamipretide in Subjects With Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Dry AMD)
NCT06373731Active, not recruitingPhase 3started 2024-05-30
- Clinical Trial in Patients With Barth Syndrome- 4TAZPower
NCT07531251RecruitingPhase 4started 2026-07-02
- FRDA Investigator Initiated Study (IIS) With Elamipretide
NCT05168774CompletedPhase 1 / Phase 2started 2022-03-03
- Study of Healthy Aging and Physical Function With Elamipretide
NCT07275424RecruitingPhase 2started 2025-11-26
The five most recently updated studies. See all 21 on ClinicalTrials.gov. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine). Studies are found by the compound's name, so a few may be about something else.
Papers per year
1997 to 2026, peak 74 papers in a year. The latest year may still be incomplete.
Where it is published
- The FASEB Journal19 papers
- Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery11 papers
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology11 papers
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences10 papers
- GeroScience9 papers
The papers
Most citedName in the title
- The Mitochondrial-Targeted Compound SS-31 Re-Energizes Ischemic Mitochondria by Interacting with Cardiolipin
Alexander Victor Birk, Shaoyi Liu, Yi Soong et al. · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · 2013
Animal studyOpen access486 citationsRead the open copy →
- Chronic Therapy With Elamipretide (MTP-131), a Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide, Improves Left Ventricular and Mitochondrial Function in Dogs With Advanced Heart Failure
Hani N. Sabbah, Ramesh C. Gupta, Smita Kohli et al. · Circulation Heart Failure · 2016
Animal studyOpen access211 citationsRead the open copy →
- Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice
Weixing Zhao, Zhipeng Xu, Jiangbei Cao et al. · Journal of Neuroinflammation · 2019
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY207 citationsRead the open copy →
- Treatment with the mitochondrial‐targeted antioxidant peptide SS ‐31 rescues neurovascular coupling responses and cerebrovascular endothelial function and improves cognition in aged mice
Stefano Tarantini, Marta Noa Valcarcel‐Ares, Andriy Yabluchanskiy et al. · Aging Cell · 2018
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY192 citationsRead the open copy →
- Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31
Juan D. Chavez, Xiaoting Tang, Matthew D. Campbell et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2020
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY-NC-ND183 citationsRead the open copy →
- Randomized dose-escalation trial of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy
Amel Karaa, Richard Haas, Amy C. Goldstein et al. · Neurology · 2018
Randomized trial · Phase 1Open access · CC BY-NC-ND152 citationsRead the open copy →
- Elamipretide Improves Mitochondrial Function in the Failing Human Heart
Kathryn C. Chatfield, Genevieve C. Sparagna, Sarah Chau et al. · JACC Basic to Translational Science · 2019
Open access · CC BY-NC-ND135 citationsRead the open copy →
- A phase 2/3 randomized clinical trial followed by an open-label extension to evaluate the effectiveness of elamipretide in Barth syndrome, a genetic disorder of mitochondrial cardiolipin metabolism
William Reid Thompson, Brittany Hornby, Ryan Manuel et al. · Genetics in Medicine · 2020
Randomized trial · Phase 2Open access · CC BY-NC-ND134 citationsRead the open copy →
- Improving mitochondrial function with SS-31 reverses age-related redox stress and improves exercise tolerance in aged mice
Matthew D. Campbell, Jicheng Duan, Ashton T. Samuelson et al. · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · 2018
Animal studyOpen access134 citationsRead the open copy →
- The mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 binds lipid bilayers and modulates surface electrostatics as a key component of its mechanism of action
Wayne Mitchell, Emily A. Ng, Jeffrey D. Tamucci et al. · Journal of Biological Chemistry · 2020
Open access · CC BY126 citationsRead the open copy →
- Phase 2a Clinical Trial of Mitochondrial Protection (Elamipretide) During Stent Revascularization in Patients With Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis
Ahmed Saad, Sandra M. Herrmann, Alfonso Eirin et al. · Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions · 2017
Randomized trial · Phase 2Open access126 citationsRead the open copy →
- The mitochondrial-targeted peptide, SS-31, improves glomerular architecture in mice of advanced age
Mariya T. Sweetwyne, Jeffrey W. Pippin, Diana G. Eng et al. · Kidney International · 2017
Study in humansOpen access112 citationsRead the open copy →
- Effects of Elamipretide on Left Ventricular Function in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: The PROGRESS-HF Phase 2 Trial
Javed Butler, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Stefan D. Anker et al. · Journal of Cardiac Failure · 2020
Randomized trial · Phase 2Open access111 citationsRead the open copy →
- Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential
Cheryl Tung, Fahimeh Varzideh, Emanuele Farroni et al. · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2025
ReviewOpen access · CC BY106 citationsRead the open copy →
- The cardiolipin-binding peptide elamipretide mitigates fragmentation of cristae networks following cardiac ischemia reperfusion in rats
Mitchell E. Allen, Edward Ross Pennington, Justin B. Perry et al. · Communications Biology · 2020
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY98 citationsRead the open copy →
- Abnormalities of Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Failing Heart: Normalization Following Long-Term Therapy with Elamipretide
Hani N. Sabbah, Ramesh C. Gupta, Vinita Singh‐Gupta et al. · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · 2018
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY90 citationsRead the open copy →
- Mitochondria targeted peptide SS-31 prevent on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury via regulating mitochondrial ROS-NLRP3 pathway
Shikun Yang, Yachun Han, Jinrong He et al. · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · 2020
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY-NC-ND83 citationsRead the open copy →
- Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy
Amel Karaa, Enrico Bertini, Valério Carelli et al. · Neurology · 2023
Randomized trial · Phase 3Open access · CC BY82 citationsRead the open copy →
- SS‐31 Provides Neuroprotection by Reversing Mitochondrial Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury
Yihao Zhu, Handong Wang, Jiang Fang et al. · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · 2018
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY79 citationsRead the open copy →
- The mitochondrial antioxidant SS-31 increases SIRT1 levels and ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetes
Irene Escribano‐López, Noelia Díaz‐Morales, Francesca Iannantuoni et al. · Scientific Reports · 2018
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY71 citationsRead the open copy →
- A randomized crossover trial of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy
Amel Karaa, Richard Haas, Amy C. Goldstein et al. · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · 2020
Randomized trialOpen access · CC BY-NC67 citationsRead the open copy →
- Peptide SS-31 upregulates frataxin expression and improves the quality of mitochondria: implications in the treatment of Friedreich ataxia
Hongting Zhao, Huihui Li, Shuangying Hao et al. · Scientific Reports · 2017
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY65 citationsRead the open copy →
- SS‐31, a Mitochondria‐Targeting Peptide, Ameliorates Kidney Disease
Yuexin Zhu, Manyu Luo, Xue Bai et al. · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · 2022
ReviewOpen access · CC BY63 citationsRead the open copy →
- SS‐31 and NMN: Two paths to improve metabolism and function in aged hearts
Jeremy D. Whitson, Alessandro Bitto, Huiliang Zhang et al. · Aging Cell · 2020
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY61 citationsRead the open copy →
- Restoring mitochondrial superoxide levels with elamipretide (MTP-131) protects db/db mice against progression of diabetic kidney disease
Satoshi Miyamoto, Guanshi Zhang, David Hall et al. · Journal of Biological Chemistry · 2020
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY60 citationsRead the open copy →
- Targeting Mitochondria by SS-31 Ameliorates the Whole Body Energy Status in Cancer- and Chemotherapy-Induced Cachexia
Riccardo Ballarò, Patrizia Lopalco, Valentina Audrito et al. · Cancers · 2021
Open access · CC BY52 citationsRead the open copy →
- Long-term efficacy and safety of elamipretide in patients with Barth syndrome: 168-week open-label extension results of TAZPOWER
William Reid Thompson, Ryan Manuel, Anthony Abbruscato et al. · Genetics in Medicine · 2024
Randomized trialOpen access · CC BY-NC-ND49 citationsRead the open copy →
- Barth syndrome cardiomyopathy: targeting the mitochondria with elamipretide
Hani N. Sabbah · Heart Failure Reviews · 2020
ReviewOpen access · CC BY48 citationsRead the open copy →
- Elamipretide alleviates pyroptosis in traumatically injured spinal cord by inhibiting cPLA2-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization
Haojie Zhang, Yituo Chen, Feida Li et al. · Journal of Neuroinflammation · 2023
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY46 citationsRead the open copy →
- SS-31 attenuates TNF-α induced cytokine release from C2C12 myotubes
Adam P. Lightfoot, Giorgos Konstantinos Sakellariou, Gareth Nye et al. · Redox Biology · 2015
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY-NC-ND46 citationsRead the open copy →
- SS‐31 Protects Liver from Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury via Modulating Macrophage Polarization
Longcheng Shang, Haozhen Ren, Shuai Wang et al. · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · 2021
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY45 citationsRead the open copy →
- Chronic administration of mitochondrion-targeted peptide SS-31 prevents atherosclerotic development in ApoE knockout mice fed Western diet
Meng Zhang, Hongting Zhao, Jing Cai et al. · PLoS ONE · 2017
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY45 citationsRead the open copy →
- Mitochondrion-Targeted Peptide SS-31 Inhibited Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins-Induced Foam Cell Formation through both ROS Scavenging and Inhibition of Cholesterol Influx in RAW264.7 Cells
Shuangying Hao, Jiajie Ji, Hongting Zhao et al. · Molecules · 2015
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY45 citationsRead the open copy →
LatestName in title or abstract
- Mitochondrial-targeted strategies for advancing ovarian cryopreservation: enhancing follicular survival and reproductive health
Qin Zeng, Kai Wang, G Zhang et al. · npj Regenerative Medicine · 2026
Open access · CC BY-NC-NDRead the open copy →
- Report from the 2026 Barth Syndrome Foundation International Scientific, Medical & Family Conference: Advances in Barth Syndrome Research, Therapy Development, and Clinical Care
Lindsay Marjoram · Journal of Developmental Biology · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Mitochondrial Quality Control in Degenerative Musculoskeletal Diseases: Signaling Networks and Therapeutic Landscapes
Haiyang Gao, Zhangrong Cheng, Xianglong Chen et al. · Advanced Science · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Mitochondria-targeted peptide elamipretide alleviates cisplatin-induced ovarian failure by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway
Yuhong Zhao, Heqiu Yan, Li Wang et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Elamipretide Rejuvenates Oocyte Quality and Restores Female Fertility During Reproductive Aging
Hao‐Lin Zhang, Yue Wang, Caizhu Wang et al. · Aging Cell · 2026
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY1 citationsRead the open copy →
- SS-31 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Injury in HK-2 Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells via SIRT3-Mediated Regulation of Mitochondrial Metabolism
Xiangwei Wu, Menghan Shi, Min Sun et al. · Discovery Medicine · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Mitochondrial Quality Control in Inherited Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy: Convergent Pathobiology and a Testable Therapeutic Framework
Chung‐Lin Lee, Chih‐Kuang Chuang, Ya-Hui Chang et al. · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Molecular Interplay, Disease Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies: A Comprehensive Review
Ahmed abdulsalam Abdulkader, Ali Mohammed Hussein · World Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- The Oxidative–Mitochondrial–Inflammatory Axis in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Extracellular mtDNA as Biomarker and Therapeutic Read-Out
Rossella Grimaldi, Francesca Franco, Enzo Maria Vingolo · Antioxidants · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Targeting Mitochondria in MASLD: Comparative Evaluation of MitoQ and SS-31 (Elamipretide) in Aged Female Mice under Nutritional Stress
Di Xiao, Xingxing Cui, Sajad Ali et al. · Physiological Research · 2026
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY-NCRead the open copy →
- Are Idebenone, Taurine, Doxecitine/Doxribtimine, and Elamipretide Actually Beneficial for Mitochondrial Disorders in Real World Experience
Josef Finsterer · International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies · 2026
Open accessRead the open copy →
- Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant strategies in human sperm cryodamage
Luca Tramontano, Roberto Marci, Romualdo Sciorio et al. · Frontiers in Medicine · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Disruption of hippocampal mitochondrial function underlies opioid-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats
Stephanie M. Muscat, Nicholas P. Deems, Bryan D. Alvarez et al. · Brain Behavior and Immunity · 2026
Open access · CC BY-NC-ND1 citationsRead the open copy →
- Pharmacological Modulation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Experimental Models of Hepatic Injury
Aslı Özbek Bilgin · Archives of Basic and Clinical Research · 2026
Open access · CC BY-NCRead the open copy →
- Elamipretide in pediatric Barth syndrome: from heart failure to school return
Pascal Amédro, Mathieu Andrianoely, Pauline Gohier et al. · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · 2026
Case reportOpen access · CC BY1 citationsRead the open copy →
- ONCE Syndrome and MTO1-Related Mitochondrial Disease: A Case Report with Narrative Literature Review and Evaluation of Dichloroacetate as Adjunctive Therapy
Ebrahem Mandorah, Alaa Jadidi · Saudi Journal of Medicine · 2026
Open access · CC BY-NCRead the open copy →
- Mitochondrial-targeted SS-31 peptide attenuates radiation-induced cardiomyocyte senescence
Lixin Xie, Jinzi Wu, Jiaojiao Fan et al. · Journal of Radiation Research · 2026
Study in humansOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Mitochondrial-Targeted SS-31 Attenuates the Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyoblast H9C2 Cell Senescence
Jiaojiao Fan, Jinzi Wu, Shuo Yan et al. · Biology · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Clinical development in primary mitochondrial diseases at a translational inflection point: Lessons, mechanisms, and emerging therapeutic strategies
Li‐Tzu Wang, Han‐Ying Jhuang · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BY-NC-NDRead the open copy →
- The Role of Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets
Taha Hussain, Asmi Pandey, Dipesh Karki et al. · Cureus · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction With Elamipretide (SS-31) Improves Skeletal Muscle Performance in a HFpEF Rat Model
Beatrice Vahle, Sven Weidner, André Tomalka et al. · Circulation Heart Failure · 2026
Animal studyOpen accessRead the open copy →
- Restoration of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Post-Ovulatory Ageing Oocytes Through Elamipretide–Mediated Modulation of SIRT3, Redox Balance, and Bioenergetics
Alicja Kowalczyk, María Mercedes Camiña García, José Ángel Hernández et al. · Pakistan Veterinary Journal · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus: Implications for maternal health, placental function, and offspring metabolic programming
Izabela Burzyńska-Pędziwiatr, Lucyna A. Woźniak, Małgorzata Bukowiecka‐Matusiak · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BY2 citationsRead the open copy →
- Elamipretide improves skeletal muscle function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction rats: a mitochondrial, physiological and molecular analysis
Beatrice Vahle, Sven Weidner, André Tomalka et al. · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · 2026
Open access · CC BY-NCRead the open copy →
- Mitochondrial targeting by Elamipretide improves cardiac mitochondrial function without improving cardiovascular performance in HFpEF
A Schauer, D Jahn, Volker Adams et al. · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · 2026
Open access · CC BY-NCRead the open copy →
- Pulmonary vein reconnection patterns following repeat electrophysiological procedures for recurrent atrial fibrillation
V Nemeth, Péter Kupó, Kristof-Ferenc Janosi · EP Europace · 2026
Open access · CC BY-NCRead the open copy →
- Mitochondrial homeostasis and aging: Mechanisms, disease associations, and targeted intervention strategies
Bao-Sheng WANG, Ben ZHOU · Shengming kexue · 2026
Open accessRead the open copy →
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Therapeutic Target in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Disorders
M. Arts, M. F. Zeilstra, K. M. Zeilstra-Kalt et al. · European Psychiatry · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Therapeutic Peptide SS ‐31 Modulates Membrane Binding and Aggregation of α‐Synuclein and Restores Impaired Mitochondrial Function
Ewelina Stefaniak, Beiyuan Cui, Xucheng Yan et al. · Chemical Biology & Drug Design · 2026
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY1 citationsRead the open copy →
- Mitochondrial cardiolipin and other structural changes mediating cardiac dysfunction in the reperfused myocardium
Liam Tianlang Zhang, Amanda Groenewald, Marie‐Louise Ward et al. · Current Opinion in Physiology · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BY-NCRead the open copy →
- Cardiolipin remodelling in mitochondrial therapeutics: translational evidence chains from elamipretide to emerging strategies
Ke Di, Yusheng Hu, Hechen Sun et al. · Frontiers in Physiology · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BY2 citationsRead the open copy →
- ELAMIPRETIDE AND CHRONIC FATIGUE SYMPTOMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF TRIALS IN MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES AND ITS TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE TO CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME AND RELATED DISORDERS
Luiz Felippe Mendes Caquetti · INTERNATIONAL BLEST SCIENTIFIC · 2026
ReviewOpen accessRead the open copy →
Each list shows up to 40 papers.See all 515 on OpenAlex. Source: OpenAlex (CC0), journal articles and reviews with a DOI, retractions excluded, refreshed weekly, last 4 Nov 2026, 08:26 UTC. Papers are listed by their metadata only; follow the links to read them. A license shown on an open copy is the license the publisher or repository states for that copy.