GHRP-6 studies
676 journal papers mention GHRP-6 in the title or abstract. Here are the most cited, the latest, and a few facts about the literature.
Studies range from laboratory work to clinical trials. A paper listed here is not an endorsement and says nothing about whether GHRP-6 is safe, effective or approved for any use.
- Papers
- 676
- 666 articles, 10 reviews
- Earliest paper
- 1988
- Most papers in 2011 (32)
- Open access
- 31%
- free to read somewhere
- Reviews
- 1%
- of all papers listed
What kind of studies
Of 639 papers in PubMed that mention GHRP-6 in the title or abstract, by the study type PubMed records. Categories overlap, so they do not add up to the total.
- Randomized controlled trials19
- Other clinical trials23
- Meta-analyses and systematic reviews0
- Other reviews28
- Case reports5
- Animal studies only351
- Studies in humans234
Study types are tags assigned by publishers and PubMed indexers; very new papers are often not tagged yet, and a tag is not a quality rating. Retracted papers are excluded. Source: PubMed (NCBI).
Papers per year
1997 to 2026, peak 32 papers in a year. The latest year may still be incomplete.
Where it is published
- Peptides34 papers
- Endocrinology28 papers
- Clinical Endocrinology22 papers
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism22 papers
- Journal of Endocrinology21 papers
The papers
Most citedName in the title
- Blocked growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP-6)-induced GH secretion and absence of the synergic action of GHRP-6 plus GH-releasing hormone in patients with hypothalamopituitary disconnection: evidence that GHRP- 6 main action is exerted at the hypothalamic level
Vera M. POPOVIC, Svetozar S Damjanovic, Dragan Micić et al. · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 1995
Study in humans195 citations
- Massive growth hormone (GH) discharge in obese subjects after the combined administration of GH-releasing hormone and GHRP-6: evidence for a marked somatotroph secretory capability in obesity
Fernando Cordido, A Peñalva, Carlos Diéguez et al. · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 1993
Study in humans150 citations
- Comparison of the gastroprokinetic effects of ghrelin, GHRP-6 and motilin in rats in vivo and in vitro
Inge Depoortere, Benedicte Y. De Winter, Theo Thijs et al. · European Journal of Pharmacology · 2005
Animal study142 citations
- Regulation of PIT-1 Expression By Ghrelin and GHRP-6 Through the GH Secretagogue Receptor
Ángel Galindo García, Clara V. Álvarez, Roy G. Smith et al. · Molecular Endocrinology · 2001
Study in humansOpen access96 citationsRead the open copy →
- Central effects of growth hormone-releasing hexapeptide (GHRP-6) on growth hormone release are inhibited by central somatostatin action
Keith M. Fairhall, Anita Mynett, Iain C. A. F. Robinson · Journal of Endocrinology · 1995
Animal study88 citations
- Influence of sex, age and adrenergic pathways on the growth hormone response to GHRP‐6
A Peñalva, Manuel Pombo, A. Carballo et al. · Clinical Endocrinology · 1993
Study in humans82 citations
- Effect of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH), atropine, pyridostigmine, or hypoglycemia on GHRP-6-induced GH secretion in man
A Peñalva, A Carballo, Manuel Pombo et al. · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 1993
Study in humans82 citations
- The Effects of Ghrelin Antagonists [ D ‐ L ys3]‐ GHRP ‐6 or JMV 2959 on Ethanol, Water, and Food Intake in C57BL/6J Mice
Juan L. Gomez, Andrey E. Ryabinin · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · 2014
Animal studyOpen access76 citationsRead the open copy →
- Absence of growth hormone (GH) secretion after the administration of either GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), GH-releasing peptide (GHRP-6), or GHRH plus GHRP-6 in children with neonatal pituitary stalk transection
Manuel Pombo, J Barreiro, A Peñalva et al. · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 1995
Clinical trial70 citations
- Structure–Activity Relationships of GHRP-6 Azapeptide Ligands of the CD36 Scavenger Receptor by Solid-Phase Submonomer Azapeptide Synthesis
David A. Sabatino, Caroline Proulx, Petra Pohankova et al. · Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2011
Animal study64 citations
- Acromegaly and Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic production of GHRH and ACTH by a thymic carcinoid tumour: in vitro responses to GHRH and GHRP-6
John‐Olov Jansson, Johan Svensson, Bengt Å. Bengtsson et al. · Clinical Endocrinology · 1998
Case report64 citations
- Regulation of His-dTrp-Ala-Trp-dPhe-Lys-NH2 (GHRP-6)-lnduced GH Secretion in the Rat
Federico Mallo, Clara V. Álvarez, Luis Benitez et al. · Neuroendocrinology · 2008
Animal study60 citations
- Inhibition of growth hormone release after the combined administration of CHRH and GHRP‐6 in patients with Cushing's syndrome
Alfonso Leal‐Cerro, Alfonso Pumar, Emilio García García et al. · Clinical Endocrinology · 1994
Study in humans58 citations
- Gastric mucosal damage in water immersion stress: Mechanism and prevention with GHRP-6
Shu Guo · World Journal of Gastroenterology · 2012
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY-NC57 citationsRead the open copy →
- The effects of GH-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) and GHRP-2 on intracellular adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) levels and GH secretion in ovine and rat somatotrophs
Danxing Wu, Chen Chen, J Zhang et al. · Journal of Endocrinology · 1996
Animal study57 citations
- Growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP-6) stimulates phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover in human pituitary somatotroph cells
Ting Lei, Michael Buchfelder, Rudolf Fahlbusch et al. · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · 1995
Study in humans54 citations
- Mechanism of Action of Hexarelin and GHRP-6: Analysis of the Involvement of GHRH and Somatostatin in the Rat
Lisa K. Conley, Jo Anne Teik, Romano Deghenghi et al. · Neuroendocrinology · 2008
Animal study50 citations
- Effect of obesity and morbid obesity on the growth hormone (GH) secretion elicited by the combined GHRH + GHRP‐6 test
Fahrettin Keleştimur, Vera M. POPOVIC, Alfonso Leal et al. · Clinical Endocrinology · 2006
Study in humansOpen access45 citationsRead the open copy →
- The Peptidic GHS-R antagonist [D-Lys3]GHRP-6 markedly improves adiposity and related metabolic abnormalities in a mouse model of postmenopausal obesity
Lenka Maletı́nská, Resha Matyšková, Jana Maixnerová et al. · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · 2011
Study in humansOpen access44 citationsRead the open copy →
- The contractile effect of the ghrelin receptor antagonist, D-Lys3-GHRP-6, in rat fundic strips is mediated through 5-HT receptors
Inge Depoortere, Theo Thijs, Theo Louis Peeters · European Journal of Pharmacology · 2006
Animal study43 citations
- GHRP-6 induces a biphasic calcium response in rat pituitary somatotrophs
Laurence Bresson‐Bepoldin, Luce Dufy-Barbe · Cell Calcium · 1994
Animal study42 citations
- Identification of Ghrelin Receptor Blocker, D-[Lys3] GHRP-6 as a CXCR4 Receptor Antagonist
Kalpesh G. Patel, Vishwa Deep Dixit, Jun Ho Lee et al. · International Journal of Biological Sciences · 2012
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY-NC40 citationsRead the open copy →
- Robust Growth Hormone (GH) secretion in aged female rats co-administered GH-releasing hexapeptide (GHRP-6) and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Richard F. Walker, S-W. Yang, B B Bercu · Life Sciences · 1991
Animal study38 citations
- Characterization of the binding of MSH-B, HP-228, GHRP-6 and 153N-6 to the human melanocortin receptor subtypes
Helgi B. Schiöth, Ruta Muceniece, Jarl E. S. Wikberg · Neuropeptides · 1997
Study in humans37 citations
- Growth hormone secretion after the administration of GHRP‐6 or GHRH combined with GHRP‐6 does not decline in late adulthood
Dragan Micle, V Popovic, Aleksandra Kendereški et al. · Clinical Endocrinology · 1995
Randomized trial34 citations
- Growth Hormone Releasing Hexapeptide (GHRP-6) Activates the Inositol (1,4,5)-Trisphosphate/Diacylglycerol Pathway in Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells
Søren E. Mau, Michael Robin Witt, Ole J. Bjerrum et al. · Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction · 1995
Animal study34 citations
- Consistent GH responses to repeated injections of GH-releasing hexapeptide (GHRP-6) and the non-peptide GH secretagogue, L-692,585
Keith M. Fairhall, Anita Mynett, Roy G. Smith et al. · Journal of Endocrinology · 1995
Animal study32 citations
- Structure–Activity Analysis of the Growth Hormone Secretagogue GHRP‐6 by α‐ and β‐Amino γ‐Lactam Positional Scanning
Nicolas Boutard, Andrew G. Jamieson, Huy Ong et al. · Chemical Biology & Drug Design · 2009
31 citations
- Arginine enhances the growth hormone-releasing activity of a synthetic hexapeptide (GHRP-6) in elderly but not in young subjects after oral administration
Ezio Ghigo, Emanuela Arvat, G Rizzi et al. · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · 1994
Clinical trial31 citations
- GHRP‐6‐Induced Changes in Electrical Activity of Single Cells in the Arcuate, Ventromedial and periventricular nucleusriventricular Nuclei of a Hypothalamic Slice Preparation in Vitro
Hewson, Viltart, McKenzie et al. · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · 1999
Animal study28 citations
- Postprandial changes in plasma GH and insulin concentrations, and responses to stimulation with GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and GHRP-6 in calves around weaning
Kazuo Katoh, G Furukawa, K Kitade et al. · Journal of Endocrinology · 2004
Animal studyOpen access27 citationsRead the open copy →
- Diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults by testing with GHRP-6 alone or in combination with GHRH: comparison with the insulin tolerance test
Stephan Petersenn, Roman Jung, FU Beil · European Journal of Endocrinology · 2002
Study in humans27 citations
- Calcium signals activated by ghrelin and D-Lys3-GHRP-6 ghrelin antagonist in developing dorsal root ganglion glial cells
Jessica Erriquez, Silvia Bernascone, Monica Ciarletta et al. · Cell Calcium · 2009
Animal study26 citations
- Central Responsiveness to a Ghrelin Mimetic (GHRP‐6) is Rapidly Altered by Acute Changes in Nutritional Status in Rats
Y. C. Loraine Tung, Adrian K. Hewson, R.N Carter et al. · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · 2005
Animal study26 citations
- Growth hormone-releasing effect of oral growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 (GHRP-6) administration in children with short stature
JAELE BELLONE, Lucia Ghizzoni, G Aimaretti et al. · European Journal of Endocrinology · 1995
Clinical trial26 citations
- The GHS-R Blocker D-[Lys3] GHRP-6 Serves as CCR5 Chemokine Receptor Antagonist
Kalpesh G. Patel, Vishwa Deep Dixit, Jun Ho Lee et al. · International Journal of Medical Sciences · 2012
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY-NC24 citationsRead the open copy →
- Use of growth-hormone-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) for the prevention of multiple organ failure
Danay Cibrián, Hussam Ajamieh, Jorge Berlanga et al. · Clinical Science · 2006
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY23 citationsRead the open copy →
- Hypothalamic expression of NPY mRNA, vasopressin mRNA and CRF mRNA in response to food restriction and central administration of the orexigenic peptide GHRP-6
Louise E. Johnstone, Rungrudee Srisawat, Ekkasit Kumarnsit et al. · Stress · 2005
Animal studyOpen access22 citationsRead the open copy →
- Impairment of GH responsiveness to GH-releasing hexapeptide (GHRP-6) in Prader-Willi syndrome
Graziano Grugni, Gabriele Guzzaloni, Francesco Carlo Morabito · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · 2001
Study in humans22 citations
- Decreased GH secretion and enhanced ACTH and cortisol release after ghrelin administration in Cushing’s disease: Comparison with GH-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) and GHRH
Silvia R. Correa‐Silva, Sergio Oliva Nascif, Ana-Maria Judith Lengyel · Pituitary · 2006
Clinical trial21 citations
LatestName in title or abstract
- Ghrelin Receptor Blockade Restricts Hepatic Echinococcus granulosus Infection by Suppressing Host Cell Proliferation and Enhancing Fibrotic Encapsulation
Guangfeng Chen, Bilaliding Dilixiati, Tanfang Zhou et al. · Acta Parasitologica · 2026
Animal study
- Peptides in urology and sexual medicine: clinical effectiveness, dosing, indications, and safety: a narrative review
V Vasylieva, Annette West, Edward Karpman · Sexual Medicine Reviews · 2026
Review
- Ghrelin attenuates hypoxia-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress damage in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblasts
Wanru Feng, Xinlei Fu, Ningning Hu et al. · Tissue and Cell · 2026
Open access · CC BY-NC-NDRead the open copy →
- Anterior cervical osteophyte-related dysphagia in a long-term growth hormone user: a case report
Sui-Ling Perez, Lynette Martinez, Michael Rosselli et al. · Frontiers in Surgery · 2026
Case reportOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Ghrelin impairs embryo development after ovarian hyperstimulation
RAMÍREZ Nicolás David, SCHULMAN FERNÁNDEZ Martín, Pedro Javier Torres et al. · Journal of Endocrinology · 2026
Animal study
- Redefining post-stress depression as a spatiotemporal five-disease multimorbidity trajectory: ghrelin-driven anchoring by Shugan absorbed compounds
Xi Huang, Runze Zhou, Chendong Xu et al. · Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Targeting the Hunger Hormone Receptor: Ghrelin Antagonists as Potential Therapeutics for Stress-Induced Binge Eating and Obesity
Maria A. Netesa, Samson Olusegun Afolabi, Андрей Андреевич Лебедев et al. · Journal of Computational Biophysics and Chemistry · 2026
- The emerging landscape of performance-enhancing peptides modulating GH-IGF1 axis: bridging the gap between clinical evidence and patient self-administration
Aleksander Dominikowski, Zofia Rękoś, Michał Olejarz et al. · Frontiers in Endocrinology · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BY1 citationsRead the open copy →
- The Ghrelin/GHSR-1a Axis Attenuates Preeclampsia-like Features with Decidual Macrophage Reprogramming and Improved Placental Remodeling
Lingling Zhang, Jiani Yuan, Ningning Hu et al. · Biomolecules · 2026
Study in humansOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide-6 (GHRP-6) Ameliorates Post-Infarct Ventricular Remodeling and Systolic Dysfunction in a Model of Permanent Coronary Ligation
Linlin Wang, Arielis Rodríguez‐Ulloa, Jorge Berlanga‐Acosta et al. · Pharmaceuticals · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Effects of Ghrelin Receptor Antagonists [D–Lys3]–GHRP–6 and YIL 781 on Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Rats Exposed to Early Maternal Deprivation
Sarng S. Pyurveev, Lebedev Aa, Maria A. Netesa et al. · Journal of Computational Biophysics and Chemistry · 2026
- Growth hormone releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) ameliorates acute lung injury and its subsequent evolvement to interstitial fibrosis
Linlin Wang, Jorge Berlanga‐Acosta, Haoying Yu et al. · International Immunopharmacology · 2026
Study in humans
- Modulatory Role of Oral GHRP-6 in the Immune Response and Digestive Enzyme Function in Juvenile Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Liz Mariam de Armas, Adrian Rodriguez-Gabilondo, Liz Hernández et al. · Fishes · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Oral salmon acylated ghrelin increases food intake in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) via ghrelin receptors, likely through sensory nerves rather than systemic absorption
Minoru Kihara, Teppei Yamagiwa, Hidekazu Katayama et al. · Peptides · 2026
Animal study
- Growth Hormone Secretagogues: Between Endocrine Physiology and the Therapeutic Frontier of GH-IGF-1 Axis-Modulating Peptides
Pedro Augusto Zaiats, Pedro Henrique Rodrigues Senteio, Diego Ribeiro et al. · Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 (GHRP-6) hydrogel for acute kidney injury therapy via metabolic regulation
Xiaotong Zhao, Kai Pan, Rui Li et al. · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · 2025
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY-NC-ND2 citationsRead the open copy →
- Chronic ghrelin administration suppresses IKK/NF‐κB/BACE1 mediated Aβ production in primary neurons and improves cognitive function via upregulation of PP1 in STZ‐diabetic rats
Louyan Ma, Qiumin Qu · Alzheimer s & Dementia · 2025
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- The ghrelin receptor agonist AC01 improves cardiomyocyte contractility through Gαi signalling and without Ca2+ mobilization
Lars H. Lund, Camilla Hage, Mattias Carlström et al. · Cardiovascular Research · 2025
Open access · CC BY4 citationsRead the open copy →
- Aza-Isotryptophan: Synthesis, Pictet–Spengler Chemistry, Incorporation and Conformational Analysis in Peptides, and Activity in Modulators of the Cluster of Differentiation-36 Receptor
Xiaozheng Wei, Mukandila Mulumba, Sylvain Chemtob et al. · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · 2025
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY-NC-NDRead the open copy →
- Therapeutic Potential of SH-HP (His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys) in Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Acute Gastric Intoxication
Mohammed Mahdi Salman Ghadban · .مجلة النسور للعلوم الطبية · 2025
Open accessRead the open copy →
- The Ghrelin Analog GHRP-6, Delivered Through Aquafeeds, Modulates the Endocrine and Immune Responses of Sparus aurata Following IFA Treatment
Leandro Rodríguez-Viera, Anyell Caderno, Rebeca Martı́nez et al. · Biology · 2025
Open access · CC BY3 citationsRead the open copy →
- Ghrelin as a Promising Immunostimulant in Aquaculture: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
D. M. Reyes, Mario Pablo Estrada, Rebeca Martı́nez · Bionatura journal : · 2025
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Ghrelin as a Promising Immunostimulant in Aquaculture: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
D. M. Reyes, Mario Pablo Estrada, Rebeca Martı́nez · Bionatura journal : · 2025
Open access · CC BY1 citationsRead the open copy →
- Insulin level regulators may affect cognitive ability caused by motion sickness: an experimental study
zhong mengyu, Jian Zhu, Bohan Zhang et al. · Metabolic Brain Disease · 2025
Study in humansOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- A novel butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor induces antidepressant, pro-cognitive, and anti-anhedonic effects in Flinders Sensitive Line rats: The role of the ghrelin-dopamine cascade
Nadia Olivier, Brian Herbert Harvey, Stanislav Gobec et al. · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · 2025
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY7 citationsRead the open copy →
- Anti-nervous necrosis virus activity of the growth hormone releasing peptide-6, GHRP-6
Daniel Álvarez‐Torres, Rebeca Martı́nez, Patricia Moreno et al. · Aquaculture International · 2025
Open access · CC BY1 citationsRead the open copy →
- Danshen-Chuanxiong-Honghua ameliorates neurological function and inflammation in traumatic brain injury in rats via modulating Ghrelin/GHSR
Xiaohang Zhang, Yawen Cai, Meng Chen et al. · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · 2025
Animal studyOpen access9 citationsRead the open copy →
- GHSR gene knockout alleviates the liver pathological response in Echinococcus granulosus infection by reducing parasite survival
Jiang Zhu, Tanfang Zhou, Guangfeng Chen et al. · Veterinary Research · 2025
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY6 citationsRead the open copy →
- Ghrelin promotes neurologic recovery and neurogenesis in the chronic phase after experimental stroke
Carolin Beuker, Ulrike Schreiner, Jan‐Kolja Strecker et al. · Neurological Research and Practice · 2025
Open access · CC BY5 citationsRead the open copy →
- Ghrelin suppresses water intake with a different physiological significance from atrial natriuretic peptide in conscious seawater-acclimated eels
Hiroyuki Kaiya, Shigenori Nobata, Yoshio Takei · Journal of Experimental Biology · 2025
Animal study
- Subchronic safety assessment of CIGB-500 in beagle dog after repeated daily dose administration over 28 days
Jorge Castro, Shaikh Imran, Sherwin Silo et al. · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · 2025
Animal study
- Intranasal Delivery of a Ghrelin Mimetic Engages the Brain Ghrelin Signaling System in Mice
Renée Poelman, Marie V. Le May, Erik Schéle et al. · Endocrinology · 2025
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY3 citationsRead the open copy →
- Changes in Locomotor Activity Observed During Acute Nicotine Withdrawal Can Be Attenuated by Ghrelin and GHRP-6 in Rats
Jázmin Ayman, András Búzás, Roberta Dochnal et al. · Biomedicines · 2025
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Ghrelin is involved in regulating the progression of Echinococcus Granulosus-infected liver lesions through suppression of immunoinflammation and fibrosis
Jiang Zhu, Hongqiong Zhao, Aili Aierken et al. · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY10 citationsRead the open copy →
- Ghrelin Modulates Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels through Voltage-Dependent and Voltage-Independent Pathways in Rat Gastric Vagal Afferent Neurons
Hannah J. Goudsward, Víctor Ruiz-Velasco, S Stella et al. · Molecular Pharmacology · 2024
Animal studyOpen access4 citationsRead the open copy →
- Discussion about the Role of Ghrelin in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion and its Possible Mechanism
Gang Huang, Nan Zheng, Yinqing Huang · Pharmacognosy Magazine · 2024
Open access · CC BY-NC2 citationsRead the open copy →
- Ghrelin is essential for lowering blood pressure during torpor
Kazuma Matsui, Takanori Ida, Kanae Oishi et al. · Frontiers in Endocrinology · 2024
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY2 citationsRead the open copy →
- The ghrelin receptor agonist AC01 improves cardiac function in non-human primates and in mice with heart failure by increasing cardiomyocyte contractility
Gianluigi Pironti, Camilla Hage, Mattias Carlström et al. · European Heart Journal · 2024
Open accessRead the open copy →
- Rikkunshito improves anorexia through ghrelin‐ and orexin‐dependent activation of the brain hypothalamus and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway in rats
Koji Yakabi, Naomi Yamaguchi, Kiyoshige Takayama et al. · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · 2024
Animal studyOpen access · CC BY4 citationsRead the open copy →
- Novel chimeric peptides based on endomorphins and ghrelin receptor antagonist produced supraspinal antinociceptive effects with reduced acute tolerance in mice
Bing Wu, Songxia Cheng, Fuyan Liu et al. · Biochimie · 2024
Study in humans1 citations
Each list shows up to 40 papers.See all 676 on OpenAlex. Source: OpenAlex (CC0), journal articles and reviews with a DOI, retractions excluded, refreshed weekly, last 4 Nov 2026, 08:26 UTC. Papers are listed by their metadata only; follow the links to read them. A license shown on an open copy is the license the publisher or repository states for that copy.