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Hormonal & reproductive

Melanotan II studies

219 journal papers mention Melanotan II in the title or abstract. Here are the most cited, the latest, and a few facts about the literature.

Studies range from laboratory work to clinical trials. A paper listed here is not an endorsement and says nothing about whether Melanotan II is safe, effective or approved for any use.

Compare Melanotan II prices, from €17.99 →

Papers
219
213 articles, 6 reviews
Earliest paper
1994
Most papers in 2012 (15)
Open access
48%
free to read somewhere
Reviews
3%
of all papers listed

What kind of studies

Of 199 papers in PubMed that mention Melanotan II in the title or abstract, by the study type PubMed records. Categories overlap, so they do not add up to the total.

  • Randomized controlled trials1
  • Other clinical trials3
  • Meta-analyses and systematic reviews0
  • Other reviews10
  • Case reports11
  • Animal studies only137
  • Studies in humans48

Study types are tags assigned by publishers and PubMed indexers; very new papers are often not tagged yet, and a tag is not a quality rating. Retracted papers are excluded. Source: PubMed (NCBI).

Registered clinical studies

Studies on ClinicalTrials.gov that mention Melanotan II in their intervention details. A registration says a study is planned or running, not what it found.

Registered
1
Completed
0
Ongoing or planned
1
Phase 1
0
Phase 2
1
Phase 3
0
  1. Melanotan II (MT-II) as an Adjunct to NB-UVB Phototherapy for Repigmentation in Stable Nonsegmental Vitiligo

    NCT07437560RecruitingPhase 2started 2026-02-02

The five most recently updated studies. See all 1 on ClinicalTrials.gov. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine). Studies are found by the compound's name, so a few may be about something else.

Papers per year

1997 to 2026, peak 15 papers in a year. The latest year may still be incomplete.

1997: 1 papers1998: 2 papers1999: 2 papers2000: 4 papers2001: 2 papers2002: 4 papers2003: 13 papers2004: 6 papers2005: 14 papers2006: 7 papers2007: 15 papers2008: 15 papers2009: 10 papers2010: 7 papers2011: 9 papers2012: 15 papers2013: 5 papers2014: 11 papers2015: 12 papers2016: 5 papers2017: 5 papers2018: 8 papers2019: 4 papers2020: 9 papers2021: 9 papers2022: 5 papers2023: 1 papers2024: 9 papers2025: 4 papers2026: 2 papers19972026

Where it is published

  1. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology14 papers
  2. Endocrinology12 papers
  3. Peptides10 papers
  4. European Journal of Pharmacology6 papers
  5. The FASEB Journal6 papers

The papers

Most citedName in the title

  1. Unabated anorexic and enhanced thermogenic responses to melanotan II in diet-induced obese rats despite reduced melanocortin 3 and 4 receptor expression

    G Li, Yaodan Zhang, JT Wilsey et al. · Journal of Endocrinology · 2004

    Animal studyOpen access56 citationsRead the open copy →

  2. The Melanocortin Agonist Melanotan‐II Reduces the Orexigenic and Adipogenic Effects of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) but Does not Affect the NPY‐Driven Suppressive Effects on the Gonadotropic and Somatotropic Axes in the Male Rat

    Paula Raposinho, R.B. White, Martine Aubert · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · 2003

    Animal studyOpen access · CC BY48 citationsRead the open copy →

  3. Intracerebroventricular administration of melanotan II increases insulin sensitivity of glucose disposal in mice

    Annemieke C. Heijboer, Anita M. van den Hoek, Hanno Pijl et al. · Diabetologia · 2005

    Animal studyOpen access43 citationsRead the open copy →

  4. Food intake reductions and increases in energetic responses by hindbrain leptin and melanotan II are enhanced in mice with POMC-specific PTP1B deficiency

    Bart C. De Jonghe, Matthew R. Hayes, Derek J. Zimmer et al. · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · 2012

    Animal studyOpen access35 citationsRead the open copy →

  5. Identification and characterization by LC‐UV‐MS/MS of melanotan II skin‐tanning products sold illegally on the Internet

    Torben Breindahl, Michael J. Evans-Brown, Peter Hindersson et al. · Drug Testing and Analysis · 2014

    Open access33 citationsRead the open copy →

  6. Melanotan-II reverses autistic features in a maternal immune activation mouse model of autism

    Elena Minakova, Jordan Lang, Jesús‐Servando Medel‐Matus et al. · PLoS ONE · 2019

    Animal studyOpen access · CC BY20 citationsRead the open copy →

  7. Evidence that Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Melanotan-II Synergistically Augments the Ability of Naltrexone to Blunt Binge-Like Ethanol Intake in Male C57BL/6J Mice

    Montserrat Navarro, Francisca Carvajal, José Manuel Lerma-Cabrera et al. · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · 2015

    Animal studyOpen access19 citationsRead the open copy →

  8. The protective effects of the melanocortin receptor (MCR) agonist, melanotan-II (MTII), against binge-like ethanol drinking are facilitated by deletion of the MC3 receptor in mice

    Jeffrey J. Olney, Gretchen M. Sprow, Montserrat Navarro et al. · Neuropeptides · 2013

    Animal studyOpen access17 citationsRead the open copy →

  9. Reduced Anorexigenic Efficacy of Leptin, But Not of the Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Melanotan-II, Predicts Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats

    Gertjan van Dijk, Koert de Vries, Csaba J. Nyakas et al. · Endocrinology · 2005

    Study in humansOpen access17 citationsRead the open copy →

  10. Melanotan II causes hypothermia in mice by activation of mast cells and stimulation of histamine 1 receptors

    Shalini Jain, Anna Panyutin, Naili Liu et al. · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · 2018

    Animal studyOpen access15 citationsRead the open copy →

  11. Melanotan II: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report

    Björn Peters, Henrik Hadimeri, Rebecka Wahlberg et al. · CEN Case Reports · 2020

    ReviewOpen access12 citationsRead the open copy →

  12. The first preparative solution phase synthesis of melanotan II

    Vladimir V. Ryakhovsky, Georgy A Khachiyan, Nina F Kosovova et al. · Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry · 2008

    Open access · CC BY9 citationsRead the open copy →

  13. Melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II microinjected in the nucleus accumbens decreases appetitive and consumptive responding for food

    Nicole L. Eliason, Lynne Martin, Malcolm James Low et al. · Neuropeptides · 2022

    Animal studyOpen access7 citationsRead the open copy →

  14. 5‐Hydroxypyrroloindoline Affords Tryptathionine and 2,2′‐bis‐Indole Peptide Staples: Application to Melanotan‐II

    Mihajlo Todorovic, Antoine Blanc, Zhou Wang et al. · Chemistry - A European Journal · 2024

    Open access · CC BY5 citationsRead the open copy →

  15. Inhibitory Effect of the Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Melanotan-II (MTII) on Feeding Depends on Dietary Fat Content and not Obesity in Rats on Free-Choice Diets

    José K. van den Heuvel, Leslie Eggels, Andrea J. van Rozen et al. · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · 2015

    Open access · CC BY3 citationsRead the open copy →

  16. Melanotan II, a melanocortin agonist, partially rescues the impaired thermogenic capacity of pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide deficient mice

    Thecla McMillan, Maeghan A. M. Forster, Landon I. Short et al. · Experimental Physiology · 2020

    Animal studyOpen access2 citationsRead the open copy →

LatestName in title or abstract

  1. (349) Therapeutic Peptides in Sexual Medicine: A Narrative Review

    E Burchfiel, N Mills, G Saffati et al. · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2025

    ReviewOpen accessRead the open copy →

  2. Association of tanning injection with hypercortisolism, hyperglycaemia and ketosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus

    Hnin Hnin Aung, Eingyin Ko Ko, Cornelius James Fernandez · British Journal of Diabetes · 2025

    Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  3. Barbie drug identification: Not a child's play

    Marine Deville, Corinne Charlier · Journal of Forensic Sciences · 2024

    Case reportOpen access1 citationsRead the open copy →

  4. Recommended Tool Compounds for the Melanocortin Receptor (MCR) G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)

    Nicholas A. Weirath, Carrie Haskell‐Luevano · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · 2024

    Open access5 citationsRead the open copy →

  5. Poster presentationsPS09 User experiences of Melanotan II injection for tanning

    Ning C. McKenzie, Nathaly Gonzalez, Cathleen Huang et al. · British Journal of Dermatology · 2024

    Open accessRead the open copy →

  6. Health Threat in the Tanning Trend

    Mohammed Al Abadie · Dermatology and Dermatitis · 2024

    Open accessRead the open copy →

  7. Therapeutic Strategies Against Metabolic Imbalance in a Male Mouse Model With 5-HT2CR Loss-of-Function

    Hailan Liu, Zhaoxun Liu, Huey-Xian Kelly Wong et al. · Endocrinology · 2024

    Animal studyOpen access2 citationsRead the open copy →

  8. 5‐Hydroxypyrroloindoline Affords Tryptathionine and 2,2′‐bis‐Indole Peptide Staples: Application to Melanotan‐II

    Mihajlo Todorovic, Antoine Blanc, Zhou Wang et al. · Chemistry - A European Journal · 2024

    Open access · CC BY5 citationsRead the open copy →

  9. Melanotan-II reverses memory impairment induced by a short-term HF diet

    Patryk Wekwejt, Urszula Wojda, Anna Kiryk · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · 2023

    Animal studyOpen access · CC BY-NC-ND1 citationsRead the open copy →

  10. Obesity medication lorcaserin activates brainstem GLP-1 neurons to reduce food intake and augments GLP-1 receptor agonist induced appetite suppression

    Stefan Wagner, Daniel I. Brierley, Alasdair T. S. Leeson-Payne et al. · Molecular Metabolism · 2022

    Study in humansOpen access · CC BY32 citationsRead the open copy →

  11. Vasopressin neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus promote wakefulness via lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons

    Md Tarikul Islam, Florian Rumpf, Yusuke Tsuno et al. · Current Biology · 2022

    Open access37 citationsRead the open copy →

  12. Melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II microinjected in the nucleus accumbens decreases appetitive and consumptive responding for food

    Nicole L. Eliason, Lynne Martin, Malcolm James Low et al. · Neuropeptides · 2022

    Animal studyOpen access7 citationsRead the open copy →

  13. Melanocortin 3/4 receptor in the dorsal raphe nucleus regulates maternal care in lactating mice

    Yoshikage Muroi, Toshiaki Ishii · Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society · 2022

    Open accessRead the open copy →

  14. Zebrafish Bioassay for Screening Therapeutic Candidates Based on Melanotrophic Activity

    Ted Inpyo Hong, Kyu-Seok Hwang, Tae‐Ik Choi et al. · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2021

    Study in humansOpen access · CC BY4 citationsRead the open copy →

  15. Intracerebroventricular administration of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) enhances thigmotaxis and induces anxiety-like behavior in the goldfish Carassius auratus

    Keisuke Watanabe, Norifumi Konno, Tomoya Nakamachi et al. · Peptides · 2021

    Animal studyOpen access13 citationsRead the open copy →

  16. Depletion of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Induces Insatiable Appetite and Gains in Energy Reserves and Body Weight in Zebrafish

    Yang-Wen Hsieh, Yi-Wen Tsai, Hsin-Hung Lai et al. · Biomedicines · 2021

    Open access · CC BY14 citationsRead the open copy →

  17. Evaluation of synthetic alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogs: An observational study of unregulated, online-available drugs

    Edward Kenji Hadeler, Karyn Haitz, Fleta Netter Bray · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2021

    Study in humansOpen access1 citationsRead the open copy →

  18. The Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus Controls Food Intake and Body Weight via Hindbrain POMC Projections

    Samantha M. Fortin, Jack C. Chen, Harvey J. Grill et al. · Nutrients · 2021

    Animal studyOpen access · CC BY12 citationsRead the open copy →

  19. Melanoma In-Situ Associated with Melanotan Ii Use

    Mallalieu Jared E · Clinical Case Reports and Clinical Study · 2021

    Open access · CC BY1 citationsRead the open copy →

  20. Melanotan Tanning Injection: A Rare Cause of Priapism

    Chase W. Mallory, Diana M. Lopategui, Billy Hamilton Cordon · Sexual Medicine · 2021

    Case reportOpen access · CC BY-NC-ND8 citationsRead the open copy →

  21. Pharmacological chaperone action in humanized mouse models of MC4R-linked obesity

    Patricia René, Damien Lanfray, Denis Richard et al. · JCI Insight · 2021

    Study in humansOpen access · CC BY22 citationsRead the open copy →

  22. Melanotan II, a melanocortin agonist, partially rescues the impaired thermogenic capacity of pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide deficient mice

    Thecla McMillan, Maeghan A. M. Forster, Landon I. Short et al. · Experimental Physiology · 2020

    Animal studyOpen access2 citationsRead the open copy →

  23. Development of Ligand-Drug Conjugates Targeting Melanoma through the Overexpressed Melanocortin 1 Receptor

    Yang Zhou, Saghar Mowlazadeh Haghighi, Zekun Liu et al. · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · 2020

    Open access11 citationsRead the open copy →

  24. Hypothalamic POMC deficiency increases circulating adiponectin despite obesity

    Hui Min Yu, Kavaljit H. Chhabra, Zoe Thompson et al. · Molecular Metabolism · 2020

    Animal studyOpen access · CC BY-NC-ND31 citationsRead the open copy →

  25. Sites and sources of sympathoexcitation in obese male rats: role of brain insulin

    Zhigang Shi, Ding Zhao, Priscila A. Cassaglia et al. · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · 2020

    Animal studyOpen access23 citationsRead the open copy →

  26. Topical MTII Therapy Suppresses Melanoma Through PTEN Upregulation and Cyclooxygenase II Inhibition

    Jian‐Ching Wu, Han‐En Tsai, Yi-Hsiang Hsiao et al. · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2020

    Study in humansOpen access · CC BY4 citationsRead the open copy →

  27. Melanotan II: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report

    Björn Peters, Henrik Hadimeri, Rebecka Wahlberg et al. · CEN Case Reports · 2020

    ReviewOpen access12 citationsRead the open copy →

Each list shows up to 40 papers.See all 219 on OpenAlex. Source: OpenAlex (CC0), journal articles and reviews with a DOI, retractions excluded, refreshed weekly, last 4 Nov 2026, 08:27 UTC. Papers are listed by their metadata only; follow the links to read them. A license shown on an open copy is the license the publisher or repository states for that copy.