LL-37 studies
2,834 journal papers mention LL-37 in the title or abstract. Here are the most cited, the latest, and a few facts about the literature.
Studies range from laboratory work to clinical trials. A paper listed here is not an endorsement and says nothing about whether LL-37 is safe, effective or approved for any use.
- Papers
- 2,834
- 2,650 articles, 184 reviews
- Earliest paper
- 1996
- Most papers in 2026 (198)
- Open access
- 66%
- free to read somewhere
- Reviews
- 6%
- of all papers listed
What kind of studies
Of 2,545 papers in PubMed that mention LL-37 in the title or abstract, by the study type PubMed records. Categories overlap, so they do not add up to the total.
- Randomized controlled trials37
- Other clinical trials22
- Meta-analyses and systematic reviews7
- Other reviews263
- Case reports11
- Animal studies only172
- Studies in humans1,835
Study types are tags assigned by publishers and PubMed indexers; very new papers are often not tagged yet, and a tag is not a quality rating. Retracted papers are excluded. Source: PubMed (NCBI).
Papers per year
1997 to 2026, peak 198 papers in a year. The latest year may still be incomplete.
Where it is published
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology86 papers
- PLoS ONE77 papers
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences52 papers
- Frontiers in Immunology51 papers
- The Journal of Immunology49 papers
The papers
Most citedName in the title
- Ll-37, the Neutrophil Granule–And Epithelial Cell–Derived Cathelicidin, Utilizes Formyl Peptide Receptor–Like 1 (Fprl1) as a Receptor to Chemoattract Human Peripheral Blood Neutrophils, Monocytes, and T Cells
De Yang, Qian Chen, Albert P. Schmidt et al. · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · 2000
Study in humansOpen access1,238 citationsRead the open copy →
- LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides
U. Dürr, U. S. Sudheendra, Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · 2006
ReviewOpen access1,049 citationsRead the open copy →
- An angiogenic role for the human peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18
Rembert Koczulla, Georges von Degenfeld, Christian Kupatt et al. · Journal of Clinical Investigation · 2003
Study in humansOpen access864 citationsRead the open copy →
- Antibacterial Effect of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Mediated in Part from Secretion of the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37
Anna D. Krasnodembskaya, Yuanlin Song, Xiaohui Fang et al. · Stem Cells · 2010
Study in humansOpen access853 citationsRead the open copy →
- The Expression of the Gene Coding for the Antibacterial Peptide LL-37 Is Induced in Human Keratinocytes during Inflammatory Disorders
Margareta Frohm, Birgitta Agerberth, Ghasem Ahangari et al. · Journal of Biological Chemistry · 1997
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY803 citationsRead the open copy →
- Activities of LL-37, a Cathelin-Associated Antimicrobial Peptide of Human Neutrophils
Jeffrey Turner, Yoon Cho, Nhu-Nguyen Dinh et al. · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · 1998
Study in humansOpen access800 citationsRead the open copy →
- The peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18 is expressed in epithelia of the human lung where it has broad antimicrobial activity at the airway surface
Robert Bals, Xiaorong Wang, MICHAEL A. ZASLOFF et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 1998
Study in humansOpen access745 citationsRead the open copy →
- The Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Is a Multifunctional Modulator of Innate Immune Responses
Monisha G. Scott, Donald J. Davidson, Michael R. Gold et al. · The Journal of Immunology · 2002
Study in humansOpen access713 citationsRead the open copy →
- Human Host Defense Peptide LL-37 Prevents Bacterial Biofilm Formation
Joerg Overhage, Andrea Campisano, Manjeet Bains et al. · Infection and Immunity · 2008
Study in humansOpen access697 citationsRead the open copy →
- Conformation-dependent Antibacterial Activity of the Naturally Occurring Human Peptide LL-37
Jan Johansson, Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson, Martı́n E. Rottenberg et al. · Journal of Biological Chemistry · 1998
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY662 citationsRead the open copy →
- Structure and organization of the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in phospholipid membranes: relevance to the molecular basis for its non-cell-selective activity
Ziv Oren, Jeffrey C. Lerman, Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson et al. · Biochemical Journal · 1999
Study in humansOpen access598 citationsRead the open copy →
- The Cathelicidin Anti-Microbial Peptide LL-37 is Involved in Re-Epithelialization of Human Skin Wounds and is Lacking in Chronic Ulcer Epithelium
Johan D. Heilborn, Margareta Frohm Nilsson, Ole E. Sørensen et al. · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2003
Study in humansOpen access572 citationsRead the open copy →
- Modulation of the TLR-Mediated Inflammatory Response by the Endogenous Human Host Defense Peptide LL-37
Neeloffer Mookherjee, Kelly L. Brown, Dawn M. E. Bowdish et al. · The Journal of Immunology · 2006
Study in humansOpen access568 citationsRead the open copy →
- Degradation of Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 by Staphylococcus aureus -Derived Proteinases
Magdalena Sieprawska‐Lupa, Piotr Mateusz Mydel, Katarzyna Krawczyk et al. · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · 2004
Study in humansOpen access552 citationsRead the open copy →
- Structures of Human Host Defense Cathelicidin LL-37 and Its Smallest Antimicrobial Peptide KR-12 in Lipid Micelles
Guangshun Wang · Journal of Biological Chemistry · 2008
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY483 citationsRead the open copy →
- Proteinases of common pathogenic bacteria degrade and inactivate the antibacterial peptide LL‐37
Artur Schmidtchen, Inga-Maria Frick, Emma Andersson et al. · Molecular Microbiology · 2002
Study in humansOpen access440 citationsRead the open copy →
- Little Peptide, Big Effects: The Role of LL-37 in Inflammation and Autoimmune Disease
Joanne Michelle Kahlenberg, Mariana J. Kaplan · The Journal of Immunology · 2013
ReviewOpen access428 citationsRead the open copy →
- The Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Modulates Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Dendritic Cell-Induced T Cell Polarization
Donald J. Davidson, Andrew J Currie, Gregor S. D. Reid et al. · The Journal of Immunology · 2004
Study in humansOpen access427 citationsRead the open copy →
- Activation of HIF-1α and LL-37 by commensal bacteria inhibits Candida albicans colonization
Di Fan, Laura A. Coughlin, Megan M. Neubauer et al. · Nature Medicine · 2015
Study in humansOpen access426 citationsRead the open copy →
- IFN-γ- and TNF-Independent Vitamin D-Inducible Human Suppression of Mycobacteria: The Role of Cathelicidin LL-37
Adrian R. Martineau, Katalin Andrea Wilkinson, Sandra M. Newton et al. · The Journal of Immunology · 2007
Study in humansOpen access410 citationsRead the open copy →
- The Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Activates Innate Immunity at the Airway Epithelial Surface by Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Geuranne S. Tjabringa, Jamil Aarbiou, Dennis K. Ninaber et al. · The Journal of Immunology · 2003
Study in humansOpen access392 citationsRead the open copy →
- Expression of the cathelicidin LL-37 is modulated by short chain fatty acids in colonocytes: relevance of signalling pathways
Jürgen Schauber · Gut · 2003
Study in humansOpen access383 citationsRead the open copy →
- The human cathelicidin LL-37 — A pore-forming antibacterial peptide and host-cell modulator
Daniela Xhindoli, Sabrina Pacor, Monica Benincasa et al. · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · 2015
ReviewOpen access366 citationsRead the open copy →
- Antiviral Activity and Increased Host Defense against Influenza Infection Elicited by the Human Cathelicidin LL-37
Peter G. Barlow, Pavel Svoboda, Annie Mackellar et al. · PLoS ONE · 2011
Study in humansOpen access · Public domain358 citationsRead the open copy →
- In vitro and In vivo Wound Healing-Promoting Activities of Human Cathelicidin LL-37
Marta Carretero, Maria Jose Escamez, Marta García et al. · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2007
Study in humansOpen access345 citationsRead the open copy →
- Cell Differentiation Is a Key Determinant of Cathelicidin LL-37/Human Cationic Antimicrobial Protein 18 Expression by Human Colon Epithelium
Koji Hase, Lars Eckmann, John D. Leopard et al. · Infection and Immunity · 2002
Study in humansOpen access · CC BY294 citationsRead the open copy →
- The pro-inflammatory peptide LL-37 promotes ovarian tumor progression through recruitment of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells
Seth B. Coffelt, Frank C. Marini, Keri Watson et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2009
Study in humansOpen access292 citationsRead the open copy →
LatestName in title or abstract
- Characterization of Immunomodulators and Cellular Signaling Molecules in Cleft Lip and Palate Tissues According to Cleft Laterality
Laura Ozola, Māra Pilmane, Mārtiņš Vaivads · Journal of Personalized Medicine · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Acute Intravenous Tolerability of Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 and Local Antibacterial Activity of Its FK-16 Fragment in A Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Rat Femoral Osteotomy Model
Vincenzo Pennone, Stefania Mamberti, Giada Meogrossi et al. · Antibiotics · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Psoríase: Revisão das Bases Imunológicas e Avanços Terapêuticos com Imunobiológicos
Daniela Costa, Brenda Pessôa, Cendi Freitas et al. · Nursing Edição Brasileira · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Regenerative antibiotics: Mesenchymal stromal cells and their secretome as a dual-action platform for antimicrobial therapy and tissue repair
Sanjay Gottipamula, N. K. Venkataramana · Tzu Chi Medical Journal · 2026
Open access · CC BY-NC-SARead the open copy →
- Rosácea: Patogênese, Classificação por Fenótipos e Tratamento Baseado em Evidências
Clara Teixeira Junqueira, Lara Sartori Tasca, Leticia Marangoni Alves et al. · Nursing Edição Brasileira · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- A putative pharmacodynamic ceiling for topical corticosteroids in atopic dermatitis: a steroid-primed inflammasome and caspase-1–mediated glucocorticoid receptor cleavage
Seung-Yong Seong · Frontiers in Immunology · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Understanding antimicrobial peptide activation in mesenchymal stem cells through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway and inflammatory signals
Cansu Özdemir, BEYZA TURGUT, CEREN TUNCAY et al. · TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Device-Free Auricular Acupressure for Rosacea
Bingyang Xu, Jiali Chu, 王晔 et al. · JAMA Dermatology · 2026
Open accessRead the open copy →
- Fever enhances host bacterial defence while limiting mitochondrial damage
Yonghan Wu, Elijah Rowe, Albert Siryaporn et al. · Nature Communications · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- The biofilm matrix of uropathogenic Escherichia coli contributes to antimicrobial resistance by reducing molecular transport
Rutuparna Kulkarni, Zheng Jie Lian, Nguyen Thi Khanh Nhu et al. · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · 2026
Open access · CC BY-NC-NDRead the open copy →
- LL-37–MRGPRX2–Mast Cell Signaling in Rosacea: Current Evidence and Directions for Human Studies
Haoyang Yin, 卢益萍 · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BY-NCRead the open copy →
- Inflammatory memory as a potential driver of rosacea pathogenesis: integrating mechanisms of chronic relapse and perspectives on disease modification
Ming Zhang, Zhou Zhou, 詹丹丹 et al. · Frontiers in Immunology · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- The active immune role of keratinocytes: from passive targets to key hubs in psoriatic inflammation
Yu Pei · Frontiers in Immunology · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Serum LL-37 levels and their association with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriatic arthritis: a cross-sectional study
Shimaa Elhuseiny Salama, Rasha Adel Elkholy, Doaa Shawky Alashkar et al. · Romanian Journal of Rheumatology · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Ameliorative effects and mechanisms of paeonol against rosacea through network pharmacology and experimental validation
Manyu Chen, Yueye Xu, Xinyu Li et al. · Frontiers in Immunology · 2026
Study in humansOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Evaluation of a cathelicidin derivative fusion polypeptide for pathogen-targeted antimicrobial approach
Laura Colomina‐Alfaro, Mihyun Lee, Sixuan Zhang et al. · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Rational design of a dual-function, LL-37/HNP-1, chimeric antimicrobial peptide: a broad-spectrum AMP against respiratory co-infections
Ghazal Ghaznavi, Navid Nezafat, Cambyz Irajie et al. · Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Association of Vitamin D Supplementation with VDR and CAMP Expression and Ulcer Healing in Diabetic Foot Infection Involving Biofilm-Forming Bacteria: An Exploratory Prospective Cohort Study
Ruby Benson, Saleena Ummer Velladath, Seetharam Prasad et al. · Pharmaceuticals · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- From joint to artery: association of cathelicidin LL-37 and toll-like receptor 9 with inflammatory markers and atherogenic lipid indices in rheumatoid arthritis
Muntadher Abdulabbas Hasan Al-Hilo, Zainab Hussein Alhillawi · Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Apoptosis Modulation by LL-37: From Mitochondrial Cell Death to Prosurvival Signaling
Olga Evgenevna Voronko, Vitalia Sergeevna Novikova, Olesya Olegovna Klychkova et al. · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- A soluble recombinant hydroxyapatite-binding LL-37 fusion peptide shows efficient mineral adsorption and repair-associated bioactivity
Fatemeh Gashtasbi, Sadegh Hasannia, Maryam Nikkhah et al. · Scientific Reports · 2026
Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Full‐length brain‐derived α‐synuclein fibril models reveal fuzzy‐coat control of peptide recognition
Carlos Pintado‐Grima, Oriol Bárcenas, Giulio Tesei et al. · Protein Science · 2026
Study in humansOpen accessRead the open copy →
- Hypoxia-associated mprF expression and enhanced survival following LL-37 exposure in MRSA biofilms from diabetic foot ulcers
Abbas Ali Manshd, Hasan Raheem Khudhur, Alaa Ketab Hameed · Microbes and Infectious Diseases /Microbes and Infectious Diseases · 2026
Open accessRead the open copy →
- Mechanism-Guided Antimicrobial Peptide Design through Membrane-Surface Fingerprinting and Graph Diffusion
Zhenyu Ma, Sixin Tian, Mengmeng Sheng et al. · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · 2026
Open accessRead the open copy →
- Anticancer Effect of Dendrosome Nanocurcumin plus LL-37 Antimicrobial Peptide against Colorectal Cancer Cells in vitro and in vivo
Zahraa Kamil Kadhim Lawi, Saja Mahdey Jaber, Sawsan Mohammed Kareem et al. · Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases · 2026
Open access · CC BY-NCRead the open copy →
- Anti-LL-37 antibodies in synovial fluid reflect disease-specific immunopathogenic mechanisms in psoriatic arthritis
Stanislava Dimitrova Popova-Belova, Mariela Gencheva Geneva-Popova, Stefka Stoilova et al. · Scientific Reports · 2026
Open access · CC BY-NC-NDRead the open copy →
- Antimicrobial Peptoids Show Potent Antifungal Activity against Candidozyma (Candida) auris In Vivo and Broad-Spectrum Activity In Vitro against Other Candida Species
Lisa Kathleen Ryan, Isabella M. Griffiths, Uyen ‘Emily’ et al. · ACS Infectious Diseases · 2026
Study in humansOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Neurogenic Rosacea and Facial Dysesthesia: Neurovascular–Immune Mechanisms and Translational Therapeutic Perspectives
Serap Maden · Medicina · 2026
ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Plasma levels of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 as a biomarker of sleep quality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A clinical observational study
Takayuki Yamaguchi, Keisuke Hosokawa, Takenori Mineta et al. · PLoS ONE · 2026
Study in humansOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →
- Antifungal and Antibiofilm Effects of LL-37 Against Candida albicans Isolated from Pregnant Women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: Impact on FKS1 Gene Expression
Alaa Aziz Abdulhassan, Hiba Hazim Hamid, Zainab Hekmatt Abood et al. · Natural and Engineering Sciences · 2026
Open accessRead the open copy →
Each list shows up to 40 papers.See all 2,834 on OpenAlex. Source: OpenAlex (CC0), journal articles and reviews with a DOI, retractions excluded, refreshed weekly, last 4 Nov 2026, 08:26 UTC. Papers are listed by their metadata only; follow the links to read them. A license shown on an open copy is the license the publisher or repository states for that copy.