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GHK-Cu studies

91 journal papers mention GHK-Cu in the title or abstract. Here are the most cited, the latest, and a few facts about the literature.

Studies range from laboratory work to clinical trials. A paper listed here is not an endorsement and says nothing about whether GHK-Cu is safe, effective or approved for any use.

Compare GHK-Cu prices, from €18.13 →

Papers
91
83 articles, 8 reviews
Earliest paper
1992
Most papers in 2026 (33)
Open access
59%
free to read somewhere
Reviews
9%
of all papers listed

What kind of studies

Of 84 papers in PubMed that mention GHK-Cu in the title or abstract, by the study type PubMed records. Categories overlap, so they do not add up to the total.

  • Randomized controlled trials1
  • Other clinical trials0
  • Meta-analyses and systematic reviews0
  • Other reviews14
  • Case reports0
  • Animal studies only13
  • Studies in humans33

Study types are tags assigned by publishers and PubMed indexers; very new papers are often not tagged yet, and a tag is not a quality rating. Retracted papers are excluded. Source: PubMed (NCBI).

Registered clinical studies

Studies on ClinicalTrials.gov that mention GHK-Cu in their intervention details. A registration says a study is planned or running, not what it found.

Registered
4
Completed
1
Ongoing or planned
3
Phase 1
0
Phase 2
1
Phase 3
0
  1. Systemic and Topical Geroprotective Rejuvenation Assessed by START/REST Aging Clocks

    NCT07888595Enrolling by invitationEarly phase 1started 2026-10-21

  2. Two-Part Study of the Effects of the X39 Patch on Circulating GHK and GHK-Cu Levels in Healthy Adults

    NCT07706361Not yet recruitingstarted 2027-01

  3. Topical GHK-Cu Gel for Acute Skin Wound Healing

    NCT07437586RecruitingPhase 2started 2026-02-02

  4. Trial Assessing the Impact on Facial Skin Quality, Hydration, and Skin Barrier of Three (3) Hydrafacial Treatments in Adults of All Skin Types.

    NCT05932732CompletedPhase 4started 2023-11-20

The five most recently updated studies. See all 4 on ClinicalTrials.gov. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine). Studies are found by the compound's name, so a few may be about something else.

Papers per year

1997 to 2026, peak 33 papers in a year. The latest year may still be incomplete.

1997: 0 papers1998: 0 papers1999: 0 papers2000: 1 papers2001: 0 papers2002: 0 papers2003: 0 papers2004: 0 papers2005: 1 papers2006: 2 papers2007: 1 papers2008: 1 papers2009: 1 papers2010: 0 papers2011: 1 papers2012: 2 papers2013: 1 papers2014: 1 papers2015: 3 papers2016: 3 papers2017: 2 papers2018: 3 papers2019: 4 papers2020: 4 papers2021: 1 papers2022: 4 papers2023: 5 papers2024: 7 papers2025: 7 papers2026: 33 papers19972026

Where it is published

  1. Life Sciences3 papers
  2. International Journal of Molecular Sciences2 papers
  3. The American Journal of Sports Medicine2 papers
  4. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology2 papers
  5. Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery2 papers

The papers

ShowAllOpen accessReviews

Most citedName in the title

  1. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data

    Loren Pickart, Anna Margolina · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2018

    ReviewOpen access · CC BY158 citationsRead the open copy →

  2. Protective effects of GHK-Cu in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation pathways

    Wenhui Ma, Meng Li, Haifeng Ma et al. · Life Sciences · 2019

    Animal study81 citations

  3. The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice

    Jeong-Ran Park, Hanbyeol Lee, Seok-In Kim et al. · Oncotarget · 2016

    Animal studyOpen access · CC BY60 citationsRead the open copy →

  4. GHK‐Cu‐liposomes accelerate scald wound healing in mice by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis

    Xinying Wang, Baoquan Liu, Qiang Xu et al. · Wound Repair and Regeneration · 2017

    Study in humans54 citations

  5. GHK-Cu may Prevent Oxidative Stress in Skin by Regulating Copper and Modifying Expression of Numerous Antioxidant Genes

    Loren Pickart, Jessica Michelle Vasquez-Soltero, Anna Margolina · Cosmetics · 2015

    Open access · CC BY48 citationsRead the open copy →

  6. Self‐Assembled Fluorescent and Antibacterial GHK‐Cu Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Applications

    Leming Sun, Aipeng Li, Yanzi Hu et al. · Particle & Particle Systems Characterization · 2019

    47 citations

  7. GHK-Cu/Pionin-loaded in situ electrospun PVB/PVP smart dressing promotes wound healing via anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and tissue regenerative effects

    Yan Wang, Zhichao Zheng, Janak Lal. Pathak et al. · Chemical Engineering Journal · 2024

    Open access34 citationsRead the open copy →

  8. Liposomes as Carriers of GHK-Cu Tripeptide for Cosmetic Application

    Michał Dymek, Karolina Olechowska, Katarzyna Hąc-Wydro et al. · Pharmaceutics · 2023

    Open access · CC BY32 citationsRead the open copy →

  9. Effects of GHK-Cu on MMP and TIMP Expression, Collagen and Elastin Production, and Facial Wrinkle Parameters

    Travis Badenhorst, Darren M. Svirskis, Mervyn J. Merrilees · Journal of Aging Science · 2016

    Open access30 citationsRead the open copy →

  10. Biocompatible stimuli responsive superabsorbent polymer for controlled release of GHK-Cu peptide for wound dressing application

    Shilpa Sharma, Amita Dua, Amita Malik · Journal of Polymer Research · 2017

    29 citations

  11. Tripeptide–copper complex GHK‐Cu (II) transiently improved healing outcome in a rat model of ACL reconstruction

    Sai‐Chuen Fu, Yau‐Chuk Cheuk, Wai Yin Vivien Chiu et al. · Journal of Orthopaedic Research® · 2015

    Animal studyOpen access25 citationsRead the open copy →

  12. Synergy of GHK‐Cu and hyaluronic acid on collagen IV upregulation via fibroblast and ex‐vivo skin tests

    Fangru Jiang, Yanan Wu, Zhe Liu et al. · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2023

    Study in humansOpen access · CC BY18 citationsRead the open copy →

  13. In Vitro and in Vivo Studies of pH-Sensitive GHK-Cu-Incorporated Polyaspartic and Polyacrylic Acid Superabsorbent Polymer

    Shilpa Sharma, Mohammad Faiyaz Anwar, Amit Kumar Dinda et al. · ACS Omega · 2019

    Open access13 citationsRead the open copy →

  14. Are We Ready to Measure Skin Permeation of Modern Antiaging GHK–Cu Tripeptide Encapsulated in Liposomes?

    Karolina Ogórek, Kinga Nowak, Emilia Wadych et al. · Molecules · 2025

    ReviewOpen access · CC BY9 citationsRead the open copy →

  15. Polyaspartic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-Methyl propane sulfonic acid and sodium alginate based biocompatible stimuli responsive polymer gel for controlled release of GHK-Cu peptide for wound healing

    Shilpa Sharma, Mohammad Faiyaz Anwar, Amit Kumar Dinda et al. · Journal of Biomaterials Applications · 2022

    7 citations

  16. Exploring the beneficial effects of GHK-Cu on an experimental model of colitis and the underlying mechanisms

    Shuzhen Mao, Jiahui Huang, Junyan Li et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology · 2025

    Open access · CC BY6 citationsRead the open copy →

  17. The GHK-Cu delays aging in Caenorhabditis elegans via coordinated regulation of mitochondrial function and activation of DAF-16/SKN-1 pathways

    Huijun Wen, Keshu Zhao, Xiangjian Luo et al. · Biogerontology · 2026

    Animal study3 citations

  18. BPC-157 and GHK-Cu in Wound Healing and Tissue Repair: A Review of Clinical Efficacy and Safety

    Olaf Wojcieszuk, Łukasz Starczewski, Adrianna Babik et al. · Quality in Sport · 2026

    Open access · CC BY-NC-SA2 citationsRead the open copy →

  19. Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu) Attenuates CuSO4 or LPS induced-inflammation in Zebrafish larvae model

    Jing Hu, Chao Zhang, Feifei Wang · European Journal of Pharmacology · 2026

    Animal study2 citations

  20. GHK-Cu as a multifunctional copper peptide: synthesis routes, process engineering and emerging applications

    Wanbo Lu, Sanjiang Kang, Shasha Liu et al. · Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing · 2026

    2 citations

  21. Double-Blind Testing of the Lifewave X39 Patch to Determine GHK-Cu Production Levels

    Internal Medicine Research – Open Journal · 2021

    Open access2 citationsRead the open copy →

  22. The Effect of the Human Plasma Molecule GHK-Cu on Stem Cell Actions and Expression of Relevant Genes

    Loren Pickart, Anna Margolina · OBM Geriatrics · 2018

    Open access · CC BY2 citationsRead the open copy →

  23. Microagulhamento associado ao PDRN e ao GHK-Cu na estética regenerativa: revisão integrativa das evidências científicas

    Karolini Costa Catarina Both, André Luiz Snak · Revista fisio&terapia. · 2026

    Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  24. GHK-Cu as a Bioactive Metallopeptide and Drug-Delivery Cargo: Coordination Chemistry, Formulation Science, Therapeutic Evidence, and a Translational Roadmap

    Diana-Maria Mateescu, Dragos-Mihai Gavrilescu, Ruxandra-Ioana Mincioaga et al. · Pharmaceutics · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  25. Gelatin-oxidized dextran Schiff base hydrogel with MXene@TiO₂ and GHK-Cu: A multifunctional dressing for photothermal-antibacterial and pro-angiogenic wound repair

    Shunyu Chen, Mengting Lei, Pei Liu et al. · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · 2026

  26. Augmented Skin Beneficial Effects of Thermus Thermophilus and Bacillus Subtilis Mixed‐Culture Ferment Extract by Tripeptide GHK‐Cu

    Jingyi Wang, Kan Tao, Hu Huang et al. · Skin Research and Technology · 2026

    Study in humansOpen access · CC BY-NC-NDRead the open copy →

  27. A Torilis japonica Extract–GHK-Cu Complex Attenuates Th2 Cytokines and Promotes Keratinocyte Recovery: A Potential Antioxidant Strategy for Atopic Dermatitis

    Soojin Jeon, Jihye Maeng, Jiwon Lee et al. · Antioxidants · 2026

    Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  28. GHK-Cu Tripeptide: A Multifunctional Cosmeceutical Agent with Advanced Delivery Strategies for Enhanced Topical Efficacy

    Dr. Nita Sharma Das · International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Innovation. · 2026

    Open access · CC BY-NCRead the open copy →

  29. GHK-Cu NA MEDICINA REGENERATIVA: MECANISMOS MOLECULARES, APLICAÇÕES CLÍNICAS E PERSPECTIVAS TERAPÊUTICAS EM UMA METANÁLISE

    Inaê Tatiana DIAS, Djefini Rumie de Carvalho, Fernando Araújo de Oliveira Machado et al. · Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação · 2026

    Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  30. GHK-CU MEDIATED ADIPOSE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELING: TRANSLATIONAL IMPLICATIONS FOR LIPEDEMA AND GYNOID LIPODYSTROPHY

    Luiz Felippe Mendes Caquetti · INTERNATIONAL BLEST SCIENTIFIC · 2026

    Open accessRead the open copy →

  31. A Systematic Review of the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications of GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine-Copper Complex) in Topical Microneedle Delivery: A Case for Expanded Clinical Trials

    Niayesh Najafi, Hussein Maatouk, Karapet Gary Vardanyan et al. · Archives of Internal Medicine Research · 2026

    ReviewOpen accessRead the open copy →

  32. Hypothesis of the mechanism of action of acupuncture through GHK-Cu

    Juan Pablo Moltó Ripoll, Gustavo Roberto Cointry · International Journal of Health Science · 2024

    Open accessRead the open copy →

  33. The role of copper tripeptide (GHK-Cu) in the process of skin regeneration

    Aleksandra S. Polonskaia, Е. А. Шатохина, Larisa Sergeevna Kruglova · Фарматека · 2020

LatestName in title or abstract

  1. Characterization of copper tripeptide–loaded lipid carriers and their stability in complex cosmetic matrices

    Karolina Ogórek, Maria Mierzwa, Marcin Drozd et al. · Journal of Chromatography A · 2026

    Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  2. Microagulhamento associado ao PDRN e ao GHK-Cu na estética regenerativa: revisão integrativa das evidências científicas

    Karolini Costa Catarina Both, André Luiz Snak · Revista fisio&terapia. · 2026

    Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  3. GHK-Cu as a Bioactive Metallopeptide and Drug-Delivery Cargo: Coordination Chemistry, Formulation Science, Therapeutic Evidence, and a Translational Roadmap

    Diana-Maria Mateescu, Dragos-Mihai Gavrilescu, Ruxandra-Ioana Mincioaga et al. · Pharmaceutics · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  4. The peptide boom: a critical appraisal of evidence, patient safety risks, and regulatory failure in the experimental wellness peptide market

    Giorgi Pkhakadze · Georgian Medical Journal · 2026

    Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  5. Peptides in Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Applications in Tissue Repair and Chronic Pain Management

    Choopong Luansritisakul, Monping Chiang, Stacey L. Burns et al. · Current Pain and Headache Reports · 2026

    Review

  6. Gelatin-oxidized dextran Schiff base hydrogel with MXene@TiO₂ and GHK-Cu: A multifunctional dressing for photothermal-antibacterial and pro-angiogenic wound repair

    Shunyu Chen, Mengting Lei, Pei Liu et al. · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · 2026

  7. The Regenerative Potential of Glycyl- L- Histidyl- L- Lysine–Copperin Aesthetic Medicine

    Jonathan Mokhtar, Basel Mohamad, Jewel Haddad et al. · Aesthetic Surgery Journal · 2026

  8. Aplicações dos Peptídeos de Cobre na Prevenção da Senescência Cutânea e no Rejuvenescimento Facial

    Juliana Martins Ferreira, Ticiany de Fátima de Souza Duarte, Leandro Rago de Souza et al. · Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences · 2026

    Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  9. Peptide Supplements and Their Therapeutic Applications in Sports Medicine

    Kushagra Tewari, Timothy P. Liu, Christina Im et al. · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · 2026

    Open access · CC BY1 citationsRead the open copy →

  10. Augmented Skin Beneficial Effects of Thermus Thermophilus and Bacillus Subtilis Mixed‐Culture Ferment Extract by Tripeptide GHK‐Cu

    Jingyi Wang, Kan Tao, Hu Huang et al. · Skin Research and Technology · 2026

    Study in humansOpen access · CC BY-NC-NDRead the open copy →

  11. Peptide-Based Approaches for Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Senescence Modulation, and Topical Delivery in Adult and Aging Skin

    Seamus C. C. Phan · International Multispeciality Journal of Health · 2026

    Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  12. A tea exosome-integrated self‑oxygenating cascade chitosan/oxidized alginate hydrogel for remodeling the hyperglycemic and hypoxic microenvironment in diabetic wound healing

    Li-Hua Xie, Xu Zhou, Wei-Qiu Wen et al. · Carbohydrate Polymers · 2026

    Animal study

  13. A Torilis japonica Extract–GHK-Cu Complex Attenuates Th2 Cytokines and Promotes Keratinocyte Recovery: A Potential Antioxidant Strategy for Atopic Dermatitis

    Soojin Jeon, Jihye Maeng, Jiwon Lee et al. · Antioxidants · 2026

    Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  14. Copper peptide activated cascade catalysis for glucose regulation and hypoxia reversing in infected diabetic wound healing

    Zeng-Jin Huang, Rui-Feng Huang, Ping-Ping Jiao et al. · Materials Today Bio · 2026

    Open access · CC BY-NC-ND1 citationsRead the open copy →

  15. Emerging Peptide Therapies in Orthopaedics: Evidence, Safety, and Perioperative Implications

    Ahmed Siddiqi, Khalid Yousuf, Paul B. Jacob · Journal of Orthopaedic Experience & Innovation · 2026

    Open access · CC BY-NC-NDRead the open copy →

  16. ESTÉTICA REGENERATIVA BASEADA EM BIOENERGIA CELULAR: APLICAÇÃO DE NAD+ E GHKCU NA MODULAÇÃO DO ENVELHECIMENTO CUTÂNEO

    Daniela Baptistini Moleiro, Carlos Ruiz da Silva, Fernanda Sanches Kuhi Antunes · Revista Tópicos. · 2026

    Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  17. The GHK-Cu delays aging in Caenorhabditis elegans via coordinated regulation of mitochondrial function and activation of DAF-16/SKN-1 pathways

    Huijun Wen, Keshu Zhao, Xiangjian Luo et al. · Biogerontology · 2026

    Animal study3 citations

  18. Multifunctional copper tripeptide-1/nanocellulose composite hydrogels

    Xinqiao Xia, Lingli Zhang, Chengji Ma et al. · Colloid & Polymer Science · 2026

  19. Microenvironment-responsive injectable dynamic hydrogel for sequential antioxidant and tissue regeneration therapy of radiation-induced skin injury

    Xiaorui Yu, Tingyu Yang, Zhongwu Bei et al. · Bioactive Materials · 2026

    Open access · CC BY-NC-ND3 citationsRead the open copy →

  20. BPC-157 and GHK-Cu in Wound Healing and Tissue Repair: A Review of Clinical Efficacy and Safety

    Olaf Wojcieszuk, Łukasz Starczewski, Adrianna Babik et al. · Quality in Sport · 2026

    Open access · CC BY-NC-SA2 citationsRead the open copy →

  21. Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu) Attenuates CuSO4 or LPS induced-inflammation in Zebrafish larvae model

    Jing Hu, Chao Zhang, Feifei Wang · European Journal of Pharmacology · 2026

    Animal study2 citations

  22. GHK-Cu Tripeptide: A Multifunctional Cosmeceutical Agent with Advanced Delivery Strategies for Enhanced Topical Efficacy

    Dr. Nita Sharma Das · International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Innovation. · 2026

    Open access · CC BY-NCRead the open copy →

  23. Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging

    Volodymyr Mavrych, Inna Shypilova, Olena Bolgova · Frontiers in Aging · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BY5 citationsRead the open copy →

  24. GHK-Cu NA MEDICINA REGENERATIVA: MECANISMOS MOLECULARES, APLICAÇÕES CLÍNICAS E PERSPECTIVAS TERAPÊUTICAS EM UMA METANÁLISE

    Inaê Tatiana DIAS, Djefini Rumie de Carvalho, Fernando Araújo de Oliveira Machado et al. · Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação · 2026

    Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  25. Copper Peptides in Regenerative Aesthetic Dermatology

    Raheleh Sarbaziha, David J. Goldberg · Dermatological Reviews · 2026

    3 citations

  26. Reprogramming Skin Aging: A Regenerative and Epigenetic Perspective on Cutaneous Longevity

    Diala Haykal, Michael Gold, Edward Lain et al. · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2026

    Open access · CC BY1 citationsRead the open copy →

  27. GHK-Cu as a multifunctional copper peptide: synthesis routes, process engineering and emerging applications

    Wanbo Lu, Sanjiang Kang, Shasha Liu et al. · Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing · 2026

    2 citations

  28. GHK-CU MEDIATED ADIPOSE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELING: TRANSLATIONAL IMPLICATIONS FOR LIPEDEMA AND GYNOID LIPODYSTROPHY

    Luiz Felippe Mendes Caquetti · INTERNATIONAL BLEST SCIENTIFIC · 2026

    Open accessRead the open copy →

  29. Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

    Omar F. Rahman, Steven J. Lee, William A. Seeds · JAAOS Global Research and Reviews · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BY-NC-ND5 citationsRead the open copy →

  30. Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians

    Cory K. Mayfield, Ioanna K. Bolia, Cailan L Feingold et al. · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · 2026

    Review12 citations

  31. Smart Healing for Wound Repair: Emerging Multifunctional Strategies in Personalized Regenerative Medicine and Their Relevance to Orthopedics

    Carla Renata Arciola, Veronica Panichi, Gloria Bua et al. · Antibiotics · 2026

    ReviewOpen access · CC BY9 citationsRead the open copy →

  32. A Systematic Review of the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications of GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine-Copper Complex) in Topical Microneedle Delivery: A Case for Expanded Clinical Trials

    Niayesh Najafi, Hussein Maatouk, Karapet Gary Vardanyan et al. · Archives of Internal Medicine Research · 2026

    ReviewOpen accessRead the open copy →

  33. Copper Tripeptide Associated with Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Case Report

    Fabrini P, Fabrini P, Centrone N · Journal of Clinical Case Studies · 2026

    Open access · CC BYRead the open copy →

  34. Golgi-targeted copper delivery strategy via enhancing copper-dependent proteins' activity for fascia regeneration

    Rui Wang, Yiru Xu, Qimanguli Saiding et al. · Journal of Controlled Release · 2025

    Study in humans3 citations

  35. (197) Peptides in Practice: Evaluating Efficacy and Safety in Men’s Health

    R Arora, Arjun K. Venkatesh, Gene Austin Krishingner et al. · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · 2025

    Open accessRead the open copy →

  36. Mesoporous Frameworks Constructed by Endogenous Species to Promote the Efficient Healing of Infected Wounds

    Fan Xia, Ming Tu, Junzheng Qiu et al. · Advanced Functional Materials · 2025

  37. Exploring the beneficial effects of GHK-Cu on an experimental model of colitis and the underlying mechanisms

    Shuzhen Mao, Jiahui Huang, Junyan Li et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology · 2025

    Open access · CC BY6 citationsRead the open copy →

  38. Copper Complexes with New Glycyl- l -histidyl- l -lysine–Hyaluronan Conjugates Show Antioxidant Properties and Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergistic Effects

    Valentina Greco, Valeria Lanza, Barbara Tomasello et al. · Bioconjugate Chemistry · 2025

    Study in humans12 citations

  39. Are We Ready to Measure Skin Permeation of Modern Antiaging GHK–Cu Tripeptide Encapsulated in Liposomes?

    Karolina Ogórek, Kinga Nowak, Emilia Wadych et al. · Molecules · 2025

    ReviewOpen access · CC BY9 citationsRead the open copy →

  40. Food-Derived Tripeptide–Copper Self-Healing Hydrogel for Infected Wound Healing

    Han Chen, P S Yang, Ping Xue et al. · Biomaterials Research · 2025

    Open access · CC BY35 citationsRead the open copy →

Each list shows up to 40 papers.See all 91 on OpenAlex. Source: OpenAlex (CC0), journal articles and reviews with a DOI, retractions excluded, refreshed weekly, last 4 Nov 2026, 08:27 UTC. Papers are listed by their metadata only; follow the links to read them. A license shown on an open copy is the license the publisher or repository states for that copy.